磁感受和主导假说。

IF 2.8 2区 生物学 Q2 BIOLOGY
Journal of Experimental Biology Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-10 DOI:10.1242/jeb.250252
Yoni Vortman, Robert Fitak, Eviatar Natan
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引用次数: 0

摘要

科学是人写的,不能逃避情感对科学思想的干预,科学界应该警惕,不要在不经意间采纳自己喜欢的假设。当采用一个最喜欢的假设时,科学家倾向于审查他们的工作,以支持这一假设,并拒绝矛盾的数据。1890年,托马斯·克劳德·钱伯林首次将这种现象描述为“对事实的探索和对事实的解释被偏爱的理论所主导,直到它的拥护者似乎已经压倒性地建立起来”。然后,最受欢迎的假设可以迅速转变为主导假设,导致无意识的偏见,倾向于支持证据,忽视矛盾的观察结果。当一个科学领域采用一个最受欢迎的假设时,这尤其成问题。在这篇评论中,我们提出动物磁感受领域-特别是基于自由基对化学和隐花色素蛋白的机制-可能处于统治假说的统治之下。我们反复争辩说,结论是没有根据的,或者与提出的结果不一致。我们用磁感受的例子——唯一没有明确描述受体的感觉——来提高人们对科学界主导假说现象的普遍认识。我们强调了科学家和科学界在假设制度下的区别,并进一步强调了减轻在统治假设下工作的风险的建议。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Magnetoreception and the ruling hypothesis.

Whereas science is written by humans and cannot escape emotions intervening with scientific thought, the scientific community should be on guard against unnoticeably adopting a favorite hypothesis. When adopting a favorite hypothesis, scientists tend to review their work in favor of this hypothesis and reject contradictory data. In 1890, Thomas Chrowder Chamberlin first described this phenomenon as when 'the search for facts, and their interpretation are dominated by affection for the favored theory until it appears to its advocate to have been overwhelmingly established'. The favorite hypothesis can then quickly transition into a ruling hypothesis, leading to an unconscious bias in favor of supporting evidence and neglect of contradictory observations. This is especially problematic when a scientific field adopts a favorite hypothesis. In this Commentary, we suggest that the field of animal magnetoreception - in particular mechanisms based on radical-pair chemistry and cryptochrome proteins - may be under the reign of a ruling hypothesis. We argue that repeatedly, conclusions are unfounded or otherwise not consistent with the results presented. We use the case of magnetoreception - the only sense that remains without a clearly described receptor - to raise general awareness of the phenomenon of a ruling hypothesis in the scientific community. We emphasize the distinction between the scientist and the scientific community suffering from a hypothesis regime, and further highlight suggestions to mitigate the risk of working under a ruling hypothesis.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
5.50
自引率
10.70%
发文量
494
审稿时长
1 months
期刊介绍: Journal of Experimental Biology is the leading primary research journal in comparative physiology and publishes papers on the form and function of living organisms at all levels of biological organisation, from the molecular and subcellular to the integrated whole animal.
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