Rui Shen , Jiawei Xu , Yugang Li , Jianxing Yu , Na Sun , Zilu Xu , Xueying Xu , Xiao Liu , Yang Liu , Bosong Li , Li Qi , Luzhao Feng
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We assessed four sequential policy transitions and simulated four vaccination strategies over three years (2025-2027) to evaluate their potential impact.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Annual pertussis incidence increased from 0.25 to 70.82/100,000. Infants showed highest absolute risk, while children aged 6-7 years demonstrated elevated risk (RR: 0.55 and 0.54, respectively). Urban areas showed marginally elevated risk (RR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.00-1.07). Molecular diagnostics implementation revealed substantial hidden transmission (RR: 82.65, 95% CI: 73.47-92.99). Modeling projected extended school-age boosters (ages 5-7 years) would reduce incidence by 47.93%, targeted vaccination of ages 6-7 years achieved 36.64% reduction, and the national benchmark with 6-year booster reduced incidence by 19.09%. All strategies provided substantial indirect protection to infants without direct intervention.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Enhanced molecular surveillance uncovered substantial hidden transmission in urban settings. Strategic school-age targeted vaccination could effectively disrupt urban transmission chains while protecting vulnerable infants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 107910"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3000,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Urban pertussis epidemiological patterns in a highly vaccinated megacity: Policy impacts and control strategies in Chongqing, China, 2005-2024\",\"authors\":\"Rui Shen , Jiawei Xu , Yugang Li , Jianxing Yu , Na Sun , Zilu Xu , Xueying Xu , Xiao Liu , Yang Liu , Bosong Li , Li Qi , Luzhao Feng\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107910\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Despite high vaccination coverage, pertussis resurgence in megacities challenges conventional control strategies. We investigated epidemiological patterns and policy impacts in a densely populated urban setting in Chongqing, China.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using population-based surveillance data (2005-2024) from Chongqing (population 32.1 million; DTP3 coverage >97%), we conducted hierarchical Bayesian spatial modeling and age-structured Susceptible-Infected-Recovered-Vaccinated transmission analysis. We assessed four sequential policy transitions and simulated four vaccination strategies over three years (2025-2027) to evaluate their potential impact.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Annual pertussis incidence increased from 0.25 to 70.82/100,000. Infants showed highest absolute risk, while children aged 6-7 years demonstrated elevated risk (RR: 0.55 and 0.54, respectively). Urban areas showed marginally elevated risk (RR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.00-1.07). Molecular diagnostics implementation revealed substantial hidden transmission (RR: 82.65, 95% CI: 73.47-92.99). Modeling projected extended school-age boosters (ages 5-7 years) would reduce incidence by 47.93%, targeted vaccination of ages 6-7 years achieved 36.64% reduction, and the national benchmark with 6-year booster reduced incidence by 19.09%. All strategies provided substantial indirect protection to infants without direct intervention.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Enhanced molecular surveillance uncovered substantial hidden transmission in urban settings. Strategic school-age targeted vaccination could effectively disrupt urban transmission chains while protecting vulnerable infants.</div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":14006,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"International Journal of Infectious Diseases\",\"volume\":\"156 \",\"pages\":\"Article 107910\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":4.3000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-04-24\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"International Journal of Infectious Diseases\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S120197122500133X\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"INFECTIOUS DISEASES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S120197122500133X","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"INFECTIOUS DISEASES","Score":null,"Total":0}
Urban pertussis epidemiological patterns in a highly vaccinated megacity: Policy impacts and control strategies in Chongqing, China, 2005-2024
Objectives
Despite high vaccination coverage, pertussis resurgence in megacities challenges conventional control strategies. We investigated epidemiological patterns and policy impacts in a densely populated urban setting in Chongqing, China.
Methods
Using population-based surveillance data (2005-2024) from Chongqing (population 32.1 million; DTP3 coverage >97%), we conducted hierarchical Bayesian spatial modeling and age-structured Susceptible-Infected-Recovered-Vaccinated transmission analysis. We assessed four sequential policy transitions and simulated four vaccination strategies over three years (2025-2027) to evaluate their potential impact.
Results
Annual pertussis incidence increased from 0.25 to 70.82/100,000. Infants showed highest absolute risk, while children aged 6-7 years demonstrated elevated risk (RR: 0.55 and 0.54, respectively). Urban areas showed marginally elevated risk (RR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.00-1.07). Molecular diagnostics implementation revealed substantial hidden transmission (RR: 82.65, 95% CI: 73.47-92.99). Modeling projected extended school-age boosters (ages 5-7 years) would reduce incidence by 47.93%, targeted vaccination of ages 6-7 years achieved 36.64% reduction, and the national benchmark with 6-year booster reduced incidence by 19.09%. All strategies provided substantial indirect protection to infants without direct intervention.
Conclusion
Enhanced molecular surveillance uncovered substantial hidden transmission in urban settings. Strategic school-age targeted vaccination could effectively disrupt urban transmission chains while protecting vulnerable infants.
期刊介绍:
International Journal of Infectious Diseases (IJID)
Publisher: International Society for Infectious Diseases
Publication Frequency: Monthly
Type: Peer-reviewed, Open Access
Scope:
Publishes original clinical and laboratory-based research.
Reports clinical trials, reviews, and some case reports.
Focuses on epidemiology, clinical diagnosis, treatment, and control of infectious diseases.
Emphasizes diseases common in under-resourced countries.