Pathogenesis Mechanism of Ferroptosis and Pharmacotherapy in Kidney Diseases: A Review.

Background: Ferroptosis is a novel form of iron-dependent programmed cell death, characterized by lipid peroxidation and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Dysregulation of iron metabolism, lipid metabolism, or the antioxidant system can trigger this process. Emerging evidence suggests that ferroptosis is implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of various kidney diseases.

Summary: This review explores the pathophysiological mechanisms of ferroptosis, focusing on its role in cellular damage and disease progression in kidney diseases. The roles of iron homeostasis, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant defenses in ferroptosis are discussed. Studies have demonstrated that inhibiting ferroptosis can protect against kidney injury, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target. Additionally, current findings on ferroptosis-targeted therapies, including preclinical studies and potential clinical applications, are summarized.

Key messages: Ferroptosis plays a critical role in the development and progression of kidney diseases. Understanding the mechanisms governing ferroptosis and its relationship with kidney pathology provides a foundation for novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Further research is needed to identify specific molecular mechanisms and advance clinical trials to translate ferroptosis-targeted therapies into practice, paving the way for innovative therapeutic interventions in kidney diseases.