Danielle E Buttke, Katie Schwartz, Erin Schwalbe, Halcyon Killion, Kerry S Sondgeroth, Bryan S Kaplan, Jennifer L Malmberg
{"title":"暴露在美洲野牛幼崽群中的牛支原体爆发和亚临床感染的维持。","authors":"Danielle E Buttke, Katie Schwartz, Erin Schwalbe, Halcyon Killion, Kerry S Sondgeroth, Bryan S Kaplan, Jennifer L Malmberg","doi":"10.7589/JWD-D-24-00117","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The American bison (Bison bison) is an ecologically, economically, and culturally significant species that is exceptionally vulnerable to disease caused by Mycoplasma bovis. In contrast to livestock in which M. bovis is one of many infectious agents comprising the bovine respiratory disease complex, infection in bison is characterized by severe pneumonia and potential for systemic disease in the absence of coinfecting pathogens. In bison, morbidity and mortality are highest in adult cows, whereas calves and yearlings infrequently present with clinical disease. The infection dynamics of M. bovis in young bison exposed during an outbreak have not been fully characterized. Herein, we describe a severe outbreak of M. bovis in a closed, extensively managed herd from which we established a cohort of young bison for longitudinal observation, sampling, and testing. Our findings indicate that M. bovis can colonize the nasopharynx of calves and yearlings during an outbreak, often without causing apparent clinical signs. Although some animals cleared the infection during a 12-mo follow-up study, others remained PCR and culture positive, highlighting the potential for asymptomatic carriage in bison calves as a source of subsequent outbreaks. Using a paired swabbing approach, we show that sampling the superficial nasal cavity is adequate for detection of M. bovis during an outbreak. Over time, however, deep sampling of the nasopharynx is necessary to maximize detection of subclinical infections. Uncertainty in detection using PCR on nasal swab samples can complicate herd assessments and limit the ability to fully assess risk. This study emphasizes the difficulty of identifying chronic carriers following an outbreak and underscores the need for further research to inform M. bovis management and minimize risk in the sensitive and iconic American bison.</p>","PeriodicalId":17602,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"563-573"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2000,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Mycoplasma bovis Outbreak and Maintenance of Subclinical Infections in An Exposed Cohort of Juvenile American Bison (Bison bison).\",\"authors\":\"Danielle E Buttke, Katie Schwartz, Erin Schwalbe, Halcyon Killion, Kerry S Sondgeroth, Bryan S Kaplan, Jennifer L Malmberg\",\"doi\":\"10.7589/JWD-D-24-00117\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>The American bison (Bison bison) is an ecologically, economically, and culturally significant species that is exceptionally vulnerable to disease caused by Mycoplasma bovis. In contrast to livestock in which M. bovis is one of many infectious agents comprising the bovine respiratory disease complex, infection in bison is characterized by severe pneumonia and potential for systemic disease in the absence of coinfecting pathogens. In bison, morbidity and mortality are highest in adult cows, whereas calves and yearlings infrequently present with clinical disease. The infection dynamics of M. bovis in young bison exposed during an outbreak have not been fully characterized. Herein, we describe a severe outbreak of M. bovis in a closed, extensively managed herd from which we established a cohort of young bison for longitudinal observation, sampling, and testing. Our findings indicate that M. bovis can colonize the nasopharynx of calves and yearlings during an outbreak, often without causing apparent clinical signs. Although some animals cleared the infection during a 12-mo follow-up study, others remained PCR and culture positive, highlighting the potential for asymptomatic carriage in bison calves as a source of subsequent outbreaks. Using a paired swabbing approach, we show that sampling the superficial nasal cavity is adequate for detection of M. bovis during an outbreak. Over time, however, deep sampling of the nasopharynx is necessary to maximize detection of subclinical infections. Uncertainty in detection using PCR on nasal swab samples can complicate herd assessments and limit the ability to fully assess risk. This study emphasizes the difficulty of identifying chronic carriers following an outbreak and underscores the need for further research to inform M. bovis management and minimize risk in the sensitive and iconic American bison.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":17602,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of Wildlife Diseases\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"563-573\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.2000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-07-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of Wildlife Diseases\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"97\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.7589/JWD-D-24-00117\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"农林科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"VETERINARY SCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.7589/JWD-D-24-00117","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"VETERINARY SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
Mycoplasma bovis Outbreak and Maintenance of Subclinical Infections in An Exposed Cohort of Juvenile American Bison (Bison bison).
The American bison (Bison bison) is an ecologically, economically, and culturally significant species that is exceptionally vulnerable to disease caused by Mycoplasma bovis. In contrast to livestock in which M. bovis is one of many infectious agents comprising the bovine respiratory disease complex, infection in bison is characterized by severe pneumonia and potential for systemic disease in the absence of coinfecting pathogens. In bison, morbidity and mortality are highest in adult cows, whereas calves and yearlings infrequently present with clinical disease. The infection dynamics of M. bovis in young bison exposed during an outbreak have not been fully characterized. Herein, we describe a severe outbreak of M. bovis in a closed, extensively managed herd from which we established a cohort of young bison for longitudinal observation, sampling, and testing. Our findings indicate that M. bovis can colonize the nasopharynx of calves and yearlings during an outbreak, often without causing apparent clinical signs. Although some animals cleared the infection during a 12-mo follow-up study, others remained PCR and culture positive, highlighting the potential for asymptomatic carriage in bison calves as a source of subsequent outbreaks. Using a paired swabbing approach, we show that sampling the superficial nasal cavity is adequate for detection of M. bovis during an outbreak. Over time, however, deep sampling of the nasopharynx is necessary to maximize detection of subclinical infections. Uncertainty in detection using PCR on nasal swab samples can complicate herd assessments and limit the ability to fully assess risk. This study emphasizes the difficulty of identifying chronic carriers following an outbreak and underscores the need for further research to inform M. bovis management and minimize risk in the sensitive and iconic American bison.
期刊介绍:
The JWD publishes reports of wildlife disease investigations, research papers, brief research notes, case and epizootic reports, review articles, and book reviews. The JWD publishes the results of original research and observations dealing with all aspects of infectious, parasitic, toxic, nutritional, physiologic, developmental and neoplastic diseases, environmental contamination, and other factors impinging on the health and survival of free-living or occasionally captive populations of wild animals, including fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. Papers on zoonoses involving wildlife and on chemical immobilization of wild animals are also published. Manuscripts dealing with surveys and case reports may be published in the Journal provided that they contain significant new information or have significance for better understanding health and disease in wild populations. Authors are encouraged to address the wildlife management implications of their studies, where appropriate.