暴露在美洲野牛幼崽群中的牛支原体爆发和亚临床感染的维持。

IF 1.2 4区 农林科学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES
Danielle E Buttke, Katie Schwartz, Erin Schwalbe, Halcyon Killion, Kerry S Sondgeroth, Bryan S Kaplan, Jennifer L Malmberg
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引用次数: 0

摘要

美洲野牛(美洲野牛)是一种具有生态、经济和文化意义的物种,对牛支原体引起的疾病特别脆弱。在牲畜中,牛支原体是构成牛呼吸道疾病复合体的许多传染因子之一,与此相反,野牛感染的特点是严重的肺炎和在没有合并感染病原体的情况下可能发生全身性疾病。在野牛中,成年母牛的发病率和死亡率最高,而小牛和一岁的小牛很少出现临床疾病。在暴发期间暴露的年轻野牛中牛支原体的感染动力学尚未得到充分表征。在此,我们描述了在一个封闭的、广泛管理的牧群中发生的一次严重的牛分枝杆菌暴发,我们建立了一群年轻的野牛进行纵向观察、抽样和测试。我们的研究结果表明,牛分枝杆菌可以在爆发期间定殖小牛和一岁的鼻咽部,通常不会引起明显的临床症状。尽管一些动物在12个月的随访研究中清除了感染,但其他动物仍保持PCR和培养阳性,这突出了野牛幼崽中无症状携带的可能性,这是随后疫情的一个来源。使用配对拭子方法,我们表明在疫情期间对浅表鼻腔取样足以检测牛支原体。然而,随着时间的推移,鼻咽部的深度采样是必要的,以最大限度地检测亚临床感染。对鼻拭子样本进行PCR检测的不确定性会使兽群评估复杂化,并限制充分评估风险的能力。这项研究强调了在疫情爆发后识别慢性携带者的困难,并强调了进一步研究的必要性,以便为牛支原体管理提供信息,并将敏感和标志性的美洲野牛的风险降至最低。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Mycoplasma bovis Outbreak and Maintenance of Subclinical Infections in An Exposed Cohort of Juvenile American Bison (Bison bison).

The American bison (Bison bison) is an ecologically, economically, and culturally significant species that is exceptionally vulnerable to disease caused by Mycoplasma bovis. In contrast to livestock in which M. bovis is one of many infectious agents comprising the bovine respiratory disease complex, infection in bison is characterized by severe pneumonia and potential for systemic disease in the absence of coinfecting pathogens. In bison, morbidity and mortality are highest in adult cows, whereas calves and yearlings infrequently present with clinical disease. The infection dynamics of M. bovis in young bison exposed during an outbreak have not been fully characterized. Herein, we describe a severe outbreak of M. bovis in a closed, extensively managed herd from which we established a cohort of young bison for longitudinal observation, sampling, and testing. Our findings indicate that M. bovis can colonize the nasopharynx of calves and yearlings during an outbreak, often without causing apparent clinical signs. Although some animals cleared the infection during a 12-mo follow-up study, others remained PCR and culture positive, highlighting the potential for asymptomatic carriage in bison calves as a source of subsequent outbreaks. Using a paired swabbing approach, we show that sampling the superficial nasal cavity is adequate for detection of M. bovis during an outbreak. Over time, however, deep sampling of the nasopharynx is necessary to maximize detection of subclinical infections. Uncertainty in detection using PCR on nasal swab samples can complicate herd assessments and limit the ability to fully assess risk. This study emphasizes the difficulty of identifying chronic carriers following an outbreak and underscores the need for further research to inform M. bovis management and minimize risk in the sensitive and iconic American bison.

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来源期刊
Journal of Wildlife Diseases
Journal of Wildlife Diseases 农林科学-兽医学
CiteScore
2.70
自引率
0.00%
发文量
213
审稿时长
6-16 weeks
期刊介绍: The JWD publishes reports of wildlife disease investigations, research papers, brief research notes, case and epizootic reports, review articles, and book reviews. The JWD publishes the results of original research and observations dealing with all aspects of infectious, parasitic, toxic, nutritional, physiologic, developmental and neoplastic diseases, environmental contamination, and other factors impinging on the health and survival of free-living or occasionally captive populations of wild animals, including fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. Papers on zoonoses involving wildlife and on chemical immobilization of wild animals are also published. Manuscripts dealing with surveys and case reports may be published in the Journal provided that they contain significant new information or have significance for better understanding health and disease in wild populations. Authors are encouraged to address the wildlife management implications of their studies, where appropriate.
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