Research Advances on Molecular Mechanisms of Complement Regulatory Factor Vitronectin-Mediated Immune Escape of Pathogens.

Vitronectin (Vn) is a complement regulatory component found in humans and a variety of animals. It can inhibit the formation of membrane attack complexes in the complement system. Studies have shown that a variety of pathogenic microorganisms, including Yersinia pestis, dengue viruses, Plasmodium and Candida albicans, may recruit Vn on the surface of pathogens and inhibit the killing effect of the complement system in the host. After entering the body, pathogenic microorganisms may attach to and infect target cells through multiple pathogenic mechanisms. Meanwhile, the body will attack the invading pathogenic microorganisms through its own immune system. However, the immune escape of pathogens will make the host's immune system difficult to respond effectively, thus causing the aggravation of the disease. Therefore, the study of immune escape is of great significance for the treatment, prevention and control of infectious diseases and tumours. In this paper, the mechanism of vitronectin (one of the complement regulatory factors)-mediated immune escape of pathogens is reviewed from multiple aspects.