Instrumental articulatory techniques investigating lingual variability in typically developing children: A scoping review.

This scoping review was designed to provide an overview of instrumental articulatory techniques used to investigate lingual variability in typically developing children. Despite extensive research on phonological acquisition, the development of speech motor control in children is less understood. Kinematic studies in this area have focused on children under 10, but adolescents' speech and the attainment of adult-like motor control remains under-researched. This review includes studies using instrumental techniques such as Ultrasound Tongue Imaging (UTI), Electropalatography (EPG) and Electromagnetic Articulography (EMA) to measure spatial and temporal articulatory features using a variety of metrics. Studies show greater articulatory variability in children compared to adults; however, inconsistencies in methodologies and participant samples limit the ability to synthesise findings effectively. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies spanning childhood and adolescence, using techniques that are easily incorporated into clinical practice. A detailed understanding of typical articulatory variability across different age ranges is crucial for identifying speech disorders and improving clinical interventions.