Case Series of neuropsychological assessment of Afghans in the United States: Healthy, malingering, and impaired profiles.

Assessing bilingual Afghan Americans poses significant challenges for clinicians because of limited validated Farsi tests and norms. To better address existing limitations, case-based research can provide valuable insights into the cognitive and psychiatric conditions of Afghan Americans. The study utilized a case series design focusing on three Afghan American individuals selected for their diverse age groups, educational backgrounds, and clinical presentations to illustrate the neuropsychological assessment process. Each case was individually examined, allowing in-depth qualitative insights while highlighting common themes and challenges. Assessment measures were tailored for the bilingual Afghan population, using standardized cognitive tests for various functions and culturally relevant psychological evaluations to address mental health concerns. Following a review of these cases, the authors made key considerations and recommendations, including becoming familiar with non-English assessments. A list of terms is provided in English, Farsi, and Finglish (aka, Farsi written in English). Overall, the case presentations highlight the importance of culturally appropriate assessments and the need for special considerations when conducting a neuropsychological evaluation with Afghan Americans. Additionally, the authors provide insights for clinicians to enhance culturally informed practices.