Peripheral nerve blocks for hip fracture surgeries: a bibliometric and visual analysis.

Background: Hip fractures - encompassing femoral neck and intertrochanteric injuries - are widely recognized as having high morbidity, mortality, and financial burden, particularly among older adults. Despite the growing adoption of peripheral nerve block (PNB) for postoperative pain management, there is a lack of comprehensive bibliometric analyses that elucidate global research trends, collaborations, and advancements in PNB for hip fracture surgeries.

Methods: We employed the Web of Science Core Collection to identify 377 English-language original research articles (2004-2024) on PNB in hip fracture procedures. We then utilized VOSviewer and CiteSpace to map publication dynamics, detect prolific contributors, and reveal keyword clusters.

Results: Our analysis showed that the yearly publication rate rose by 31.81%, with the United States, China, and the United Kingdom leading in output and collaboration. Key techniques included the fascia iliaca, quadratus lumborum, triple nerve, and pericapsular nerve group blocks, each with unique advantages and limitations. The PENG block and adapted fascia iliaca approaches were frequently cited, highlighting their promise for improving analgesia and preserving postoperative mobility. However, high-end ultrasound equipment costs and knowledge gaps in resource-limited settings remain barriers to broader clinical implementation.

Conclusion: These findings indicate a rapid expansion of PNB research in hip fracture care, reflecting its potential to enhance perioperative recovery and reduce complications. Nonetheless, questions persist regarding long-term outcomes, mortality, and cost-effectiveness - particularly in older, high-risk patients. Addressing these challenges through interdisciplinary research, expanded database inclusion, and standardized guidelines could strengthen the role of PNB in hip fracture management worldwide, ultimately improving patient outcomes and advancing the field of perioperative pain control.