塔斯马尼亚岛巨型海带收获的历史回顾。

IF 2.8 3区 生物学 Q1 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY
Hunter Forbes, Wouter Visch, Scott Bennett, J Craig Sanderson, Jeffrey T Wright, Cayne Layton
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引用次数: 0

摘要

人类利用和开发海带的历史很长。对过去采收做法的了解,有助于了解环境基线以及这些至关重要的生态系统的当代管理和保护。在澳大利亚的塔斯马尼亚州,从1964年到1973年,巨型海带(Macrocystis pyrifera)被用于生产海藻酸盐,但由于气候变化,这些森林经历了急剧减少。我们回顾了一系列档案数据和来源,以描述这个未被充分研究和基本上被遗忘的行业的历史、方法和规模。我们计算出,在过去的十年里,从塔斯马尼亚东部收获了65000吨(湿重)的巨囊虫(Macrocystis)(平均年收获量= 6531吨),使其成为该地区有史以来最大的野生收获产业之一。然而,该行业面临着寻找足够的生物质来维持运营的挑战,最终导致该行业在不到十年的时间内关闭。收获前的可行性调查表明,海带的可用性比最终实现的要大得多,这可能会导致过度扩张。在这个海洋变暖热点地区气候变化的背景下,收获范围越来越广,强度越来越高,在储量最低的夏季,几乎所有可开发的生物量都被收获了。目前尚不清楚采伐是否导致了塔斯马尼亚大囊藻森林的减少,但它可能降低了它们的恢复能力,并加剧了其他压力因素,特别是在大量采伐的地区。这一历史回顾提供了一个难得的机会来研究现在濒临灭绝的巨囊藻森林过去的规模和利用,也有助于为当代海藻资源的管理和保护提供信息。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
A historical review of giant kelp harvesting in Tasmania.

Kelps have a long history of human use and exploitation. Knowledge of past harvesting practices offers insights into environmental baselines and the contemporary management and conservation of these critically important ecosystems. In Tasmania, Australia, giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) was commercially harvested for alginate production from 1964 to 1973, but those forests have since undergone precipitous declines due primarily to climate change. We reviewed a collection of archival data and sources to describe the history, methods, and scale of this understudied and largely forgotten industry. We calculated that >65,000 tonnes (wet weight) of Macrocystis were harvested from eastern Tasmania over a decade (mean annual harvest = 6531 t), making it one of the largest wild harvest industries to ever exist in the region. However, the industry had challenges finding sufficient biomass to sustain operations, ultimately driving its closure in less than a decade. Feasibility surveys prior to harvesting suggested much greater kelp availability than was ultimately realized, perhaps motivating overexpansion. Against a backdrop of climate change in this ocean warming hotspot, harvest efforts grew wider and more intensive, and during summer months when stocks were lowest, almost all exploitable biomass was harvested. It remains unclear whether harvesting contributed to the decline of Tasmanian Macrocystis forests, but it may have reduced their resilience and exacerbated other stressors, particularly in heavily harvested areas. This historical review provides a rare opportunity to examine the past scale and use of now-endangered Macrocystis forests and also to help inform the contemporary management and conservation of seaweed resources.

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来源期刊
Journal of Phycology
Journal of Phycology 生物-海洋与淡水生物学
CiteScore
6.50
自引率
3.40%
发文量
69
审稿时长
2 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of Phycology was founded in 1965 by the Phycological Society of America. All aspects of basic and applied research on algae are included to provide a common medium for the ecologist, physiologist, cell biologist, molecular biologist, morphologist, oceanographer, taxonomist, geneticist, and biochemist. The Journal also welcomes research that emphasizes algal interactions with other organisms and the roles of algae as components of natural ecosystems. All aspects of basic and applied research on algae are included to provide a common medium for the ecologist, physiologist, cell biologist, molecular biologist, morphologist, oceanographer, acquaculturist, systematist, geneticist, and biochemist. The Journal also welcomes research that emphasizes algal interactions with other organisms and the roles of algae as components of natural ecosystems.
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