Phytochemical profiling of Sansevieria trifasciata and its efficacy against Dynapar-induced toxicity to Danio rerio.

Sansevieria trifasciata (S. trifasciata) has been widely recognized in traditional medicinal systems for its therapeutic potential from the Bundelkhand region of India. The current study investigates the potential efficacy of S. trifasciata against Dynapar (diclofenac)-induced toxicity. We conducted phytochemicals screening and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of S. trifasciata leaf aqueous extract (STLAE), revealing diverse bioactive compounds, including saponins, phenols, tannins, glycosides, carbohydrates, and terpenoids. GC-MS analysis further identified 10 specific compounds, notably nitrogen-containing heterocycles, esters, amides, and methoxyacetic acid derivatives, providing molecular insights into the plant's traditional medicinal applications. Using zebrafish (Danio rerio) as an ethically sound vertebrate model, we established Dynapar's 96-hour median lethal concentration (LC₅₀) at 1.5 mL/L (112.5 mg/L). Co-administration experiments demonstrated that STLAE at 2.2 mL/L (220 mg/L) completely prevented Dynapar-induced mortality, suggesting a defined therapeutic window for protective effects. Interestingly, STLAE showed a dose-dependent response curve, with lower and higher concentrations exhibiting reduced protection, highlighting the importance of precise dosing in natural product applications. Our findings provide the first experimental evidence supporting S. trifasciata's traditional use in treating inflammatory conditions and suggest its potential as a natural intervention against NSAID-induced toxicity. The identified nitrogen-containing compounds and other phytoconstituents likely contribute to the observed protective effects by modulating oxidative stress pathways implicated in Dynapar toxicity. This work establishes groundwork for further investigation into S. trifasciata as a safer alternative for managing chronic inflammatory conditions.