Valia Bravo-Egana , Joseph Abraha , Yanping Huang , Taba Kheradmand , Sam Ho
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A glance at the geographical distribution of histocompatibility laboratories
Histocompatibility laboratories (HLs) provide essential histocompatibility and immunogenetics (H&I) testing in support of organ and stem cell transplantation, diagnosis of diseases and risk assessment of drug-induced adverse reactions associated with HLA variants, and beyond. Their geographical distribution and the accreditation organizations that provide regulatory oversight have never been profiled. To understand the characteristics of HLs and their global distribution, a taskforce was established by the American Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics (ASHI) Accreditation Review Board (ARB) to gather this data. Our study indicates there are at least 593 HLs routinely providing testing services across 58 countries and 6 continents, with two major organizations, ASHI and EFI, providing accreditation. The data presented here indicates that the distribution of HLs highly depends on the size and economic development of the countries and geographical areas where they are located. This report highlights the benefits of standardization and potential for cooperation among HLs and professional histocompatibility and immunogenetics societies and organizations worldwide.
期刊介绍:
The journal''s scope includes understanding the genetic and functional mechanisms that distinguish human individuals in their immune responses to allografts, pregnancy, infections or vaccines as well as the immune responses that lead to autoimmunity, allergy or drug hypersensitivity. It also includes examining the distribution of the genes controlling these responses in populations.
Research areas include:
Studies of the genetics, genomics, polymorphism, evolution, and population distribution of immune-related genes
Studies of the expression, structure and function of the products of immune-related genes
Immunogenetics of susceptibility to infectious and autoimmune disease, and allergy
The role of the immune-related genes in hematopoietic stem cell, solid organ, and vascularized composite allograft transplant
Histocompatibility studies including alloantibodies, epitope definition, and T cell alloreactivity
Studies of immunologic tolerance and pregnancy
T cell, B cell, NK and regulatory cell functions, particularly related to subjects within the journal''s scope
Pharmacogenomics and vaccine development in the context of immune-related genes
Human Immunology considers immune-related genes to include those encoding classical and non-classical HLA, KIR, MIC, minor histocompatibility antigens (mHAg), immunoglobulins, TCR, BCR, proteins involved in antigen processing and presentation, complement, Fc receptors, chemokines and cytokines. Other immune-related genes may be considered.
Human Immunology is also interested in bioinformatics of immune-related genes and organizational topics impacting laboratory processes, organ allocation, clinical strategies, and registries related to autoimmunity and transplantation.