大脑和声门的言语时间和运动控制中的反馈延迟问题。

IF 4 2区 医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES
John P Veillette, Jacob Rosen, Daniel Margoliash, Howard C Nusbaum
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引用次数: 0

摘要

为了学习复杂的运动技能,生物体必须能够将感觉反馈事件分配给引起它们的动作。如果运动神经元输出的感觉反馈具有固定的、可预测的滞后,那么这个匹配问题就会很简单。然而,大脑和身体外围的非线性动力学可以将关键事件的时间与导致这些事件的运动输出的时间解耦。例如,在人类语音产生过程中,当声门下压力和喉部张力跨越一个尖锐的阈值(即分叉)时,从声门(语音的声源)发出的声音就会突然开始。只有当大脑能够预测这些由运动输出产生的离散外围事件的时间,那么,基于时间一致性的感觉反馈与运动相匹配才有可能。我们表明,使用声门电图测量的(男性和女性)人类声门波形中的事件发生在言语产生期间的脑电图中得到反映,从而导致事件本身发生的时间。相反,声门事件时间可以从脑电图中解码。在长时间暴露于延迟的听觉反馈后,受试者重新校准了他们的行为阈值,以检测时间听觉-运动不匹配,并且解码的事件时间与实际运动分离。这表明解码性能是由外围时间的可塑预测驱动的,为后见之明的信用分配提供了缺失的组成部分,其中特定的反馈事件与引起运动的神经活动有关。我们讨论了鸟类鸣叫系统的平行发现,表明结果可能在声音学习物种中普遍存在。为了学习复杂的运动技能,如说话,大脑必须将动作与感觉反馈结合起来。然而,相对于实际运动,反馈在时间上是延迟的,使得这个“事后信用分配”问题成为一个不平凡的任务。我们提出的证据表明,声门事件,发音器官,产生声音的人类语言,是预测性编码在人类的大脑在语言生产。考虑到听觉反馈中相应的事件在皮层中被显著编码,这突出了一个共同的时间标记,通过它,发音手势和感觉反馈可以对齐。研究结果表明,人类声运动系统的活动是由声音外围的生物物理动力学决定的,这与鸟鸣系统的相应结果一致。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Timing of Speech in Brain and Glottis and the Feedback Delay Problem in Motor Control.

To learn complex motor skills, an organism must be able to assign sensory feedback events to the actions that caused them. This matching problem would be simple if motor neuron output led to sensory feedback with a fixed, predictable lag. However, nonlinear dynamics in the brain and the body's periphery can decouple the timing of critical events from that of the motor output which caused them. During human speech production, for example, phonation from the glottis (a sound source for speech) begins suddenly when subglottal pressure and laryngeal tension cross a sharp threshold (i.e., a bifurcation). Only if the brain can predict the timing of these discrete peripheral events resulting from motor output, then, would it be possible to match sensory feedback to movements based on temporal coherence. We show that event onsets in the (male and female) human glottal waveform, measured using electroglottography, are reflected in the electroencephalogram during speech production, leading up to the time of the event itself. Conversely, glottal event times can be decoded from the electroencephalogram. After prolonged exposure to delayed auditory feedback, subjects recalibrate their behavioral threshold for detecting temporal auditory-motor mismatches and decoded event times decouple from actual movements. This suggests decoding performance is driven by plastic predictions of peripheral timing, providing a missing component for hindsight credit assignment, in which specific feedback events are associated with the neural activity that gave rise to movements. We discuss parallel findings from the birdsong system suggesting that results may generalize across vocal learning species.

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来源期刊
Journal of Neuroscience
Journal of Neuroscience 医学-神经科学
CiteScore
9.30
自引率
3.80%
发文量
1164
审稿时长
12 months
期刊介绍: JNeurosci (ISSN 0270-6474) is an official journal of the Society for Neuroscience. It is published weekly by the Society, fifty weeks a year, one volume a year. JNeurosci publishes papers on a broad range of topics of general interest to those working on the nervous system. Authors now have an Open Choice option for their published articles
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