{"title":"为什么《国际卫生条例》自我评估能力（SPAR）评分不能预测COVID-19控制结果？-分析2021年SPAR评分与COVID-19恢复力评分之间的关系。","authors":"Fauzi Budi Satria, Feng-Jen Tsai","doi":"10.1186/s12992-025-01111-w","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study analyses the relationship between SPAR and the COVID-19 resilience score (CRS) in 80 countries in 2021 to achieve its objective.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We adopted the concept of Bloomberg's COVID Resilience Ranking to form the CRS, which encompasses three indicators: Reopening Status, COVID Status, and Quality of Life. The average scores of 13 SPAR capacities focused on infectious disease control in 2021 were calculated. Paired t-tests were applied to evaluate the significance of monthly changes in countries' CRSs. Then, we conducted univariate and multivariate linear regressions to examine the relationship between the SPAR and CRS scores and each CRS indicator.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The CRS in 80 countries fluctuated throughout 2021. Linear regression revealed a significant relationship between countries' SPAR scores and CRS (B = 0.03, 95% CI = 0.001, 0.06). Among the CRS indicators, the SPAR was significantly associated with only the Quality of Life indicator (B = 0.01, 95% CI = 0.002, 1.52) and not the Reopening Status and COVID Status indicators. An increase in SPAR score, along with an increase in Governmental Effectiveness, was associated with increased CRS (Adjusted R<sup>2</sup> = 0.52, p < 0.05). Moreover, an increase in countries' SPAR scores was significantly linked to an improvement in people's Quality of Life (Adjusted R<sup>2</sup> = 0.37, p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The significant relationship between the SPAR and COVID Resilience Scores, particularly the Quality of Life indicator indicates that the lack of accuracy in the ability of the SPAR score to predict COVID-19 control outcomes is attributed to the reliance of the measurement solely on the disease perspective and the limited inclusion of social aspects in the SPAR capacity assessments.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not Applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":12747,"journal":{"name":"Globalization and Health","volume":"21 1","pages":"19"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9000,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12001693/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Why do International Health Regulations self-assessment capacities (SPAR) scores not predict COVID-19 control outcomes? - analysis of the relationship between SPAR scores and COVID-19 resilience scores in 2021.\",\"authors\":\"Fauzi Budi Satria, Feng-Jen Tsai\",\"doi\":\"10.1186/s12992-025-01111-w\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study analyses the relationship between SPAR and the COVID-19 resilience score (CRS) in 80 countries in 2021 to achieve its objective.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We adopted the concept of Bloomberg's COVID Resilience Ranking to form the CRS, which encompasses three indicators: Reopening Status, COVID Status, and Quality of Life. The average scores of 13 SPAR capacities focused on infectious disease control in 2021 were calculated. Paired t-tests were applied to evaluate the significance of monthly changes in countries' CRSs. Then, we conducted univariate and multivariate linear regressions to examine the relationship between the SPAR and CRS scores and each CRS indicator.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The CRS in 80 countries fluctuated throughout 2021. Linear regression revealed a significant relationship between countries' SPAR scores and CRS (B = 0.03, 95% CI = 0.001, 0.06). Among the CRS indicators, the SPAR was significantly associated with only the Quality of Life indicator (B = 0.01, 95% CI = 0.002, 1.52) and not the Reopening Status and COVID Status indicators. An increase in SPAR score, along with an increase in Governmental Effectiveness, was associated with increased CRS (Adjusted R<sup>2</sup> = 0.52, p < 0.05). Moreover, an increase in countries' SPAR scores was significantly linked to an improvement in people's Quality of Life (Adjusted R<sup>2</sup> = 0.37, p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The significant relationship between the SPAR and COVID Resilience Scores, particularly the Quality of Life indicator indicates that the lack of accuracy in the ability of the SPAR score to predict COVID-19 control outcomes is attributed to the reliance of the measurement solely on the disease perspective and the limited inclusion of social aspects in the SPAR capacity assessments.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not Applicable.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":12747,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Globalization and Health\",\"volume\":\"21 1\",\"pages\":\"19\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":5.9000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-04-15\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12001693/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Globalization and Health\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-025-01111-w\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Globalization and Health","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-025-01111-w","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
前言：本研究分析了2021年80个国家的SPAR与COVID-19恢复力评分（CRS）之间的关系，以实现其目标。方法：我们采用彭博社COVID恢复力排名的概念形成CRS，该CRS包括三个指标：重新开业状态、COVID状态和生活质量。计算了以传染病控制为重点的13个SPAR能力在2021年的平均得分。配对t检验用于评估各国CRSs月度变化的显著性。然后，我们进行了单变量和多变量线性回归来检验SPAR和CRS分数与每个CRS指标之间的关系。结果：80个国家的CRS在整个2021年波动。线性回归显示，各国的SPAR评分与CRS之间存在显著关系（B = 0.03, 95% CI = 0.001, 0.06）。在CRS指标中，SPAR仅与生活质量指标显著相关（B = 0.01, 95% CI = 0.002, 1.52），与重开状态和COVID状态指标无关。SPAR评分的增加以及政府效能的增加与CRS的增加相关（调整后R2 = 0.52, p 2 = 0.37, p）SPAR与COVID恢复力评分（尤其是生活质量指标）之间的显著关系表明，SPAR评分预测COVID-19控制结果的能力缺乏准确性，这是由于SPAR评分仅依赖于疾病角度的测量，以及SPAR能力评估中社会方面的纳入有限。临床试验号：不适用。
Why do International Health Regulations self-assessment capacities (SPAR) scores not predict COVID-19 control outcomes? - analysis of the relationship between SPAR scores and COVID-19 resilience scores in 2021.
Introduction: This study analyses the relationship between SPAR and the COVID-19 resilience score (CRS) in 80 countries in 2021 to achieve its objective.
Methods: We adopted the concept of Bloomberg's COVID Resilience Ranking to form the CRS, which encompasses three indicators: Reopening Status, COVID Status, and Quality of Life. The average scores of 13 SPAR capacities focused on infectious disease control in 2021 were calculated. Paired t-tests were applied to evaluate the significance of monthly changes in countries' CRSs. Then, we conducted univariate and multivariate linear regressions to examine the relationship between the SPAR and CRS scores and each CRS indicator.
Results: The CRS in 80 countries fluctuated throughout 2021. Linear regression revealed a significant relationship between countries' SPAR scores and CRS (B = 0.03, 95% CI = 0.001, 0.06). Among the CRS indicators, the SPAR was significantly associated with only the Quality of Life indicator (B = 0.01, 95% CI = 0.002, 1.52) and not the Reopening Status and COVID Status indicators. An increase in SPAR score, along with an increase in Governmental Effectiveness, was associated with increased CRS (Adjusted R2 = 0.52, p < 0.05). Moreover, an increase in countries' SPAR scores was significantly linked to an improvement in people's Quality of Life (Adjusted R2 = 0.37, p < 0.05).
Conclusion: The significant relationship between the SPAR and COVID Resilience Scores, particularly the Quality of Life indicator indicates that the lack of accuracy in the ability of the SPAR score to predict COVID-19 control outcomes is attributed to the reliance of the measurement solely on the disease perspective and the limited inclusion of social aspects in the SPAR capacity assessments.
期刊介绍：
"Globalization and Health" is a pioneering transdisciplinary journal dedicated to situating public health and well-being within the dynamic forces of global development. The journal is committed to publishing high-quality, original research that explores the impact of globalization processes on global public health. This includes examining how globalization influences health systems and the social, economic, commercial, and political determinants of health.
The journal welcomes contributions from various disciplines, including policy, health systems, political economy, international relations, and community perspectives. While single-country studies are accepted, they must emphasize global/globalization mechanisms and their relevance to global-level policy discourse and decision-making.
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