Eco-Friendly Biomass-Based Carbon Dots, Carbon Nanotubes, Graphene, and Their Derivatives for Enhanced Oil Recovery: A New Horizon for Petroleum Industry.

Oil extraction from reservoirs has never been easy, particularly when easily accessible oil sources run out. Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) is a dynamic area of petroleum engineering that seeks to maximize the quantity of crude oil that can be retrieved from an oil field. Researchers and oil producers have emphasized assessing tertiary-stage recovery approaches, such as chemical EOR (CEOR), due to the problems posed by the diverse carbonate rocks. Polymers and surfactants used in CEOR procedures have the potential to harm formation and contaminate the environment. The environmentally beneficial "green enhanced oil recovery" (GEOR) technique includes infusing green fluids to raise tertiary oil output and boost macroscopic and microscopic sweep efficiency, ensuring sustainable practices while minimizing environmental concerns. Utilizing eco-friendly carbon nanomaterials such as biomass-based carbon dots (CDs), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, and their derivatives for EOR and reservoir monitoring applications represents a promising frontier in the petroleum industry. These particles are pricey and do not extend to GEOR but have been successfully tested in EOR. This innovative approach capitalizes on the unique properties of these nanomaterials to improve the efficiency and sustainability of oil extraction processes. This review aims to explore biomass-derived carbon nanoparticles and investigate their possible functions in GEOR. Furthermore, the use of carbon particles in the GEOR approach is still poorly understood; thus, there needs to be a lot of credentials. The effectiveness, sustainability, and environmental responsibility of petroleum production operations can be enhanced by incorporating carbon nanomaterials from biomass into enhanced oil recovery systems. An environmentally friendly and more resilient energy future may be possible if research and development in this area are allowed to continue. This might completely change how oil resources are found and used.