{"title":"冷柠檬烯蒸汽和紫外线处理鹌鹑蛋中肠炎沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌:潜在的作用方式。","authors":"Narumol Matan, Katthayawan Khunjan","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2025.0035","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to develop a novel, refrigeration-free preservation method to extend quail egg shelf life and enhance consumer safety. The antimicrobial efficacy of limonene vapor against <i>Salmonella</i> Enteritidis and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> was evaluated. Limonene nanoemulsions (0.04%, 0.08%, and 0.12%) were used to generate vapor for coating eggshells. The coating process was performed using an ultrasonic device with a controllable temperature chamber to maintain different temperatures: 4°C (cold), 25°C (medium), and 37°C (high temperature). The antimicrobial efficacy was enhanced by applying UV irradiation for 10 min. The mode of action was analyzed through bacterial morphology, biofilm formation, and cell leakage. Limonene vapor (0.08%) at 4°C with ultraviolet (UV) reduced <i>Salmonella</i> Enteritidis and <i>S. aureus</i> by 6-7 log<sub>10</sub> on eggshells, whereas at 25°C and 37°C, the reductions were only 3.5 log<sub>10</sub> and 2.8 log<sub>10</sub>, respectively. <i>Salmonella</i> was not detected, and <i>S. aureus</i> remained within food safety standards when quail eggs were stored at 30 ± 2°C for 10 days, compared with the control, which showed bacterial growth within one day. Possible mechanisms of action suggested that cold-generated limonene formed a thin film on the eggshell surface. This film caused deformation and abnormal morphology in <i>Salmonella</i> Enteritidis cells and induced pore formation in <i>S. aureus</i> cell walls, enhancing bacterial cell injury. UV exposure further exacerbated cellular damage, resulting in a synergistic antimicrobial effect. However, this method did not cause significant membrane damage or lead to substantial leakage of intracellular materials in <i>S. aureus</i>. This method was cost-effective and could be adapted for on-farm application before distribution, ensuring safer eggs for consumers.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9000,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Cold Limonene Vapor and UV Treatment Against <i>Salmonella</i> Enteritidis and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> in Quail Eggs: Potential Mode of Action.\",\"authors\":\"Narumol Matan, Katthayawan Khunjan\",\"doi\":\"10.1089/fpd.2025.0035\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>This study aimed to develop a novel, refrigeration-free preservation method to extend quail egg shelf life and enhance consumer safety. The antimicrobial efficacy of limonene vapor against <i>Salmonella</i> Enteritidis and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> was evaluated. Limonene nanoemulsions (0.04%, 0.08%, and 0.12%) were used to generate vapor for coating eggshells. The coating process was performed using an ultrasonic device with a controllable temperature chamber to maintain different temperatures: 4°C (cold), 25°C (medium), and 37°C (high temperature). The antimicrobial efficacy was enhanced by applying UV irradiation for 10 min. The mode of action was analyzed through bacterial morphology, biofilm formation, and cell leakage. Limonene vapor (0.08%) at 4°C with ultraviolet (UV) reduced <i>Salmonella</i> Enteritidis and <i>S. aureus</i> by 6-7 log<sub>10</sub> on eggshells, whereas at 25°C and 37°C, the reductions were only 3.5 log<sub>10</sub> and 2.8 log<sub>10</sub>, respectively. <i>Salmonella</i> was not detected, and <i>S. aureus</i> remained within food safety standards when quail eggs were stored at 30 ± 2°C for 10 days, compared with the control, which showed bacterial growth within one day. Possible mechanisms of action suggested that cold-generated limonene formed a thin film on the eggshell surface. This film caused deformation and abnormal morphology in <i>Salmonella</i> Enteritidis cells and induced pore formation in <i>S. aureus</i> cell walls, enhancing bacterial cell injury. UV exposure further exacerbated cellular damage, resulting in a synergistic antimicrobial effect. However, this method did not cause significant membrane damage or lead to substantial leakage of intracellular materials in <i>S. aureus</i>. This method was cost-effective and could be adapted for on-farm application before distribution, ensuring safer eggs for consumers.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":12333,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Foodborne pathogens and disease\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.9000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-04-22\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Foodborne pathogens and disease\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"97\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2025.0035\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"农林科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2025.0035","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Cold Limonene Vapor and UV Treatment Against Salmonella Enteritidis and Staphylococcus aureus in Quail Eggs: Potential Mode of Action.
This study aimed to develop a novel, refrigeration-free preservation method to extend quail egg shelf life and enhance consumer safety. The antimicrobial efficacy of limonene vapor against Salmonella Enteritidis and Staphylococcus aureus was evaluated. Limonene nanoemulsions (0.04%, 0.08%, and 0.12%) were used to generate vapor for coating eggshells. The coating process was performed using an ultrasonic device with a controllable temperature chamber to maintain different temperatures: 4°C (cold), 25°C (medium), and 37°C (high temperature). The antimicrobial efficacy was enhanced by applying UV irradiation for 10 min. The mode of action was analyzed through bacterial morphology, biofilm formation, and cell leakage. Limonene vapor (0.08%) at 4°C with ultraviolet (UV) reduced Salmonella Enteritidis and S. aureus by 6-7 log10 on eggshells, whereas at 25°C and 37°C, the reductions were only 3.5 log10 and 2.8 log10, respectively. Salmonella was not detected, and S. aureus remained within food safety standards when quail eggs were stored at 30 ± 2°C for 10 days, compared with the control, which showed bacterial growth within one day. Possible mechanisms of action suggested that cold-generated limonene formed a thin film on the eggshell surface. This film caused deformation and abnormal morphology in Salmonella Enteritidis cells and induced pore formation in S. aureus cell walls, enhancing bacterial cell injury. UV exposure further exacerbated cellular damage, resulting in a synergistic antimicrobial effect. However, this method did not cause significant membrane damage or lead to substantial leakage of intracellular materials in S. aureus. This method was cost-effective and could be adapted for on-farm application before distribution, ensuring safer eggs for consumers.
期刊介绍:
Foodborne Pathogens and Disease is one of the most inclusive scientific publications on the many disciplines that contribute to food safety. Spanning an array of issues from "farm-to-fork," the Journal bridges the gap between science and policy to reduce the burden of foodborne illness worldwide.
Foodborne Pathogens and Disease coverage includes:
Agroterrorism
Safety of organically grown and genetically modified foods
Emerging pathogens
Emergence of drug resistance
Methods and technology for rapid and accurate detection
Strategies to destroy or control foodborne pathogens
Novel strategies for the prevention and control of plant and animal diseases that impact food safety
Biosecurity issues and the implications of new regulatory guidelines
Impact of changing lifestyles and consumer demands on food safety.