Osteogenic properties of nano-modified structure titanium surfaces with surface pre-reacted glass eluate solution coatings.

Surface pre-reacted glass (S-PRG) fillers, a new type of bioactive molecule, can release various ions (Al³⁺, BO₃^3-, Na⁺, SiO₃^2-, Sr²⁺, and F^-) and exhibit high biocompatibility, good antibacterial properties, low plaque accumulation, and enhanced osteoblast differentiation. An alkali-treated titanium layer with a porous nanonetwork structure (TNS) promotes cell adhesion and produces a stronger osseointegration effect than that of a non-treated titanium layer. In this study, the osseointegration effect of TNS was enhanced by incorporating an S-PRG eluate solution. The efficiencies of TNS coatings with different S-PRG concentrations were determined by performing surface analysis, cell experiments, and animal experiments. The results revealed that the introduction of the S-PRG eluate solution promoted the osteogenic ability of TNS. The combination of these two materials offers a novel approach to the investigation of oral implant materials.