{"title":"水飞蓟素减轻大鼠氯化钴诱导的氧化还原失衡和心肾功能障碍。","authors":"Temitayo Olabisi Ajibade, Okezi Michael Ohore, Oluwaseun Olarenwaju Esan, Bisi Olajumoke Adeoye, Ayodele Stephen Ake, Moses Olusola Adetona, Omolola Victoria Awoyomi, Olumayowa Olawumi Igado, Taiwo Olaide Oyagbemi, Adewunmi Victoria Adeogun, Ademola Adetokunbo Oyagbemi, Temidayo Olutayo Omobowale, Oluwafemi Omoniyi Oguntibeju, Evaristus Nwulia, Momoh Audu Yakubu","doi":"10.1080/01480545.2025.2499540","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Silymarin is an extract of <i>Silybum marianum</i> that is used traditionally for the treatment of several diseases. This study sought to evaluate the protective effects of silymarin on cobalt chloride (CoCl<sub>2</sub>)-induced cardio-renal toxicities in rats. Forty rats were randomly divided into four groups of 10 rats each: control; 300 mg/kg CoCl<sub>2</sub>; CoCl<sub>2</sub> + 100 mg/kg silymarin; and 100 mg/kg silymarin only. All administrations were done orally. At the end of the experimental period (seven days), blood pressure parameters, markers of oxidative stress, antioxidant defense status, renal function test, histopathology and immunohistochemical expressions were evaluated on the heart and kidney tissues. Silymarin significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) altered CoCl<sub>2</sub>-induced alterations in blood pressure parameters, antioxidants and markers of oxidative stress, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine. Histopathological evaluation revealed area of infiltration of the myocardium by inflammatory cells and hemorrhages in the kidney of rats exposed to CoCl<sub>2</sub> without silymarin treatment, but these lesions were absent in the control and silymarin groups. Increased immunohistochemical expression of cardiac troponin I and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) was observed in the cardiac tissues of rats exposed to CoCl<sub>2</sub> without silymarin treatment. The immunohistochemical expression of cystatin C was heightened, while that of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) was attenuated in the CoCl<sub>2</sub> untreated group compared with the control and silymarin groups. In conclusion, silymarin effectively mitigated the toxic effects of CoCl<sub>2</sub> on the heart and kidney tissues of rats due to its ability to positively modulate the activities of endogenous antioxidants and neutralize reactive oxygen species in cardiac and renal systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":11333,"journal":{"name":"Drug and Chemical Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1000,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Silymarin attenuates cobalt chloride-induced redox imbalance and cardio-renal dysfunctions in rats.\",\"authors\":\"Temitayo Olabisi Ajibade, Okezi Michael Ohore, Oluwaseun Olarenwaju Esan, Bisi Olajumoke Adeoye, Ayodele Stephen Ake, Moses Olusola Adetona, Omolola Victoria Awoyomi, Olumayowa Olawumi Igado, Taiwo Olaide Oyagbemi, Adewunmi Victoria Adeogun, Ademola Adetokunbo Oyagbemi, Temidayo Olutayo Omobowale, Oluwafemi Omoniyi Oguntibeju, Evaristus Nwulia, Momoh Audu Yakubu\",\"doi\":\"10.1080/01480545.2025.2499540\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>Silymarin is an extract of <i>Silybum marianum</i> that is used traditionally for the treatment of several diseases. This study sought to evaluate the protective effects of silymarin on cobalt chloride (CoCl<sub>2</sub>)-induced cardio-renal toxicities in rats. Forty rats were randomly divided into four groups of 10 rats each: control; 300 mg/kg CoCl<sub>2</sub>; CoCl<sub>2</sub> + 100 mg/kg silymarin; and 100 mg/kg silymarin only. All administrations were done orally. At the end of the experimental period (seven days), blood pressure parameters, markers of oxidative stress, antioxidant defense status, renal function test, histopathology and immunohistochemical expressions were evaluated on the heart and kidney tissues. Silymarin significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) altered CoCl<sub>2</sub>-induced alterations in blood pressure parameters, antioxidants and markers of oxidative stress, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine. Histopathological evaluation revealed area of infiltration of the myocardium by inflammatory cells and hemorrhages in the kidney of rats exposed to CoCl<sub>2</sub> without silymarin treatment, but these lesions were absent in the control and silymarin groups. Increased immunohistochemical expression of cardiac troponin I and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) was observed in the cardiac tissues of rats exposed to CoCl<sub>2</sub> without silymarin treatment. The immunohistochemical expression of cystatin C was heightened, while that of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) was attenuated in the CoCl<sub>2</sub> untreated group compared with the control and silymarin groups. In conclusion, silymarin effectively mitigated the toxic effects of CoCl<sub>2</sub> on the heart and kidney tissues of rats due to its ability to positively modulate the activities of endogenous antioxidants and neutralize reactive oxygen species in cardiac and renal systems.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":11333,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Drug and Chemical Toxicology\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"1-11\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.1000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-05-08\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Drug and Chemical Toxicology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/01480545.2025.2499540\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Drug and Chemical Toxicology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01480545.2025.2499540","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Silymarin attenuates cobalt chloride-induced redox imbalance and cardio-renal dysfunctions in rats.
Silymarin is an extract of Silybum marianum that is used traditionally for the treatment of several diseases. This study sought to evaluate the protective effects of silymarin on cobalt chloride (CoCl2)-induced cardio-renal toxicities in rats. Forty rats were randomly divided into four groups of 10 rats each: control; 300 mg/kg CoCl2; CoCl2 + 100 mg/kg silymarin; and 100 mg/kg silymarin only. All administrations were done orally. At the end of the experimental period (seven days), blood pressure parameters, markers of oxidative stress, antioxidant defense status, renal function test, histopathology and immunohistochemical expressions were evaluated on the heart and kidney tissues. Silymarin significantly (p < 0.05) altered CoCl2-induced alterations in blood pressure parameters, antioxidants and markers of oxidative stress, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine. Histopathological evaluation revealed area of infiltration of the myocardium by inflammatory cells and hemorrhages in the kidney of rats exposed to CoCl2 without silymarin treatment, but these lesions were absent in the control and silymarin groups. Increased immunohistochemical expression of cardiac troponin I and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) was observed in the cardiac tissues of rats exposed to CoCl2 without silymarin treatment. The immunohistochemical expression of cystatin C was heightened, while that of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) was attenuated in the CoCl2 untreated group compared with the control and silymarin groups. In conclusion, silymarin effectively mitigated the toxic effects of CoCl2 on the heart and kidney tissues of rats due to its ability to positively modulate the activities of endogenous antioxidants and neutralize reactive oxygen species in cardiac and renal systems.
期刊介绍:
Drug and Chemical Toxicology publishes full-length research papers, review articles and short communications that encompass a broad spectrum of toxicological data surrounding risk assessment and harmful exposure. Manuscripts are considered according to their relevance to the journal.
Topics include both descriptive and mechanics research that illustrates the risk assessment implications of exposure to toxic agents. Examples of suitable topics include toxicological studies, which are structural examinations on the effects of dose, metabolism, and statistical or mechanism-based approaches to risk assessment. New findings and methods, along with safety evaluations, are also acceptable. Special issues may be reserved to publish symposium summaries, reviews in toxicology, and overviews of the practical interpretation and application of toxicological data.