Clinicopathological characteristics and management of ceruminous adenomas in the external auditory canal: a retrospective analysis of six cases.

Background: Ceruminous adenomas (CA) are rare neoplasms of the external auditory canal (EAC), and their nonspecific symptoms frequently contribute to diagnostic challenges in clinical practice. By examining the clinical features, diagnostic considerations, and therapeutic approaches for these tumors, the findings aim to improve understanding of these tumors and improve clinical outcomes.

Case presentation: A retrospective analysis was conducted on six individuals diagnosed with CAs of the EAC at a single institution between January 2010 and January 2023. Clinical data, histopathological characteristics, and immunophenotypic findings were reviewed, along with a relevant literature analysis. Of the six cases, three involved simple CAs, one was associated with concurrent adenoid cystic carcinoma, and two exhibited localized areas of high mitotic activity, necessitating vigilant follow-up. No recurrences were observed during the follow-up period. Symptomatically, one patient reported occasional tinnitus, while another presented with ear discharge.

Conclusion: The diagnosis of ceruminous gland tumors requires a multidisciplinary approach, incorporating clinical evaluation, imaging studies, and histopathological examination. CAs of the EAC are uncommon, with reports in the literature indicating a risk of recurrence and potential for malignancy. Surgical management should involve wide excision with wound repair, followed by close postoperative monitoring to ensure early detection of any recurrence.