Gender disparities, prognostic indicators, and survival differences in pulmonary typical carcinoid: a SEER database analysis.

Background: Typical carcinoid is a subtype of neuroendocrine neoplasia of the lung making up <1% of all lung cancers and 2% of resected lung tumors. This study assessed the impact of demographic features, racial and gender disparities, and tumor characteristics on survival in patients with typical carcinoid tumors.

Methods: Data were extracted from the SEER database from 2000 to 2018. Multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to analyze the survival based on demographic and clinical factors.

Results: We identified 11,713 cases of typical carcinoid tumors of the lungs. The mean age was 61.8 years (standard deviation, 14.7), and the tumors affected predominantly women (70.1%) and White (89.4%) individuals. The overall 5-year survival rate was 84.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 83.5-85.2). The 5-year survival rate for those treated with systemic therapy was 49.8% (95% CI 43.5-55.9). Those treated with surgery had a 5-year survival rate of 97.2% (95% CI 96.7-97.6), and those treated with radiation had a 5-year survival rate of 71.9% (95% CI 60.3-80.6). Combination therapy provided a survival rate of 86.9% (95% CI 64.6-95.6).

Conclusion: Surgery was the most common treatment modality and offered the best prognosis. On multivariate analysis, age >60, male gender, distant spread, and liver metastases were associated with worse prognosis.