Effect of standard intravenous immunoglobulin therapy on Kawasaki disease predicted by long non-coding ribonucleic acid small nucleolar RNA host gene 5 and microRNA-27a.

Background: Kawasaki disease, an acute systemic small- and medium-vessel vasculitis, is mostly detected in children under 5 years old.

Objective: We aimed to explore the predictive value of long non-coding ribonucleic acid small nucleolar RNA host gene 5 (SNHG5) and microRNA (miRNA)-27a for the effect of standard intravenous immunoglobulintherapy on children with Kawasaki disease.

Methods: The study included 182 children undergoing standard intravenous immunoglobulin therapy for Kawasaki disease and another 182 healthy children receiving physical examinations as a control group. LncRNA SNHG5 and miRNA-27a expression levels were determined at admission.

Results: The ineffective group had higher levels of interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, lncRNA SNHG5, and miRNA-27a and Kobayashi score than those of the effective group (P < 0.05). Multivariate regression analysis showed that Kobayashi score, interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, lncRNA SNHG5, and miRNA-27a were associated with the treatment outcomes (P < 0.05). LncRNA SNHG5 and miRNA-27a levels were positively correlated with Kobayashi score, interleukin-6, receiver operating characteristic and procalcitonin levels (r > 0, P < 0.05). High Kobayashi score and levels of interleukin-6, c-reactive roe, procalcitonin, lncRNA SNHG5, and miRNA-27a were influencing factors for treatment failure (odds ratio > 1, P < 0.05). The areas under the curves of lncRNA SNHG5, miRNA-27a, and their combination were 0.757, 0.766, and 0.831, respectively.

Conclusion: LncRNA SNHG5 and miRNA-27a are highly expressed in children with Kawasaki disease, and their levels are closely correlated with the efficacy of standard immunoglobulin therapy.