Understanding Epidemiology of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour Among Adults in Haryana: Insights from the ICMR-INDIAB Study [ICMR-INDIAB-19].

Introduction: Physical inactivity contributes to non-communicable disease (NCD) health burden, making it essential to study and address this issue at a population level. The present research aims to explore the patterns of physical activity (PA) in Haryana through a subgroup analysis of the national Indian Council of Medical Research-India Diabetes (ICMR-INDIAB) study.

Methods: This study was conducted between December 2018 and July 2019 in Haryana and included 3918 adult participants. Physical activity was assessed using the validated MDRF Physical Activity Questionnaire (MPAQ), which has domain-wise assessments of PA. Weighted prevalence was estimated using state-specific sampling weights, and associations between PA, anthropometric and biochemical profiles were assessed using bivariate analysis done using Student's unpaired t tests, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), or chi-square tests. Factors describing the likelihood of being active were ascertained using a multivariable nominal regression analysis.

Results: About 73% of the study participants were physically inactive, and only 27% were moderately to vigorously active. The time spent in different PA domains varied significantly across sociodemographic variables, including sex, education, region, occupation, and socioeconomic status. Participants from the middle socioeconomic class spent more time in work-related PA, compared to low and upper-class participants who spent more time in general and transport-related PA. There were significant statistical differences between active and non-active groups concerning their mean blood glucose levels, body mass index, waist circumference and systolic blood pressure, but the differences in the lipid profile were non-significant. However, regression analysis showed higher odds of being physically active among younger participants, men, residents in rural areas, and those having fewer years of education.

Conclusion: We highlight the alarmingly high prevalence of physical inactivity across different segments of society in Haryana with significant sociodemographic disparities. Considering the increasing prevalence of NCDs, it is high time to prioritise health promotion measures and inculcate more physical activity amongst the population to achieve health-related sustainable development goals.