Exploring the effect of dapagliflozin on coronary inflammation in type 2 diabetes patients based on the coronary artery perivascular fat attenuation index.

Background: The pericoronary fat attenuation index (FAI) is a novel biomarker that serves as an indicator of coronary artery inflammation. Dapagliflozin has become an important component of standard treatment for type 2 diabetes because of its cardioprotective and renoprotective effects. The objective of this research was to explore how dapagliflozin impacts coronary artery inflammation in T2DM patients and to establish a novel theoretical framework for the protective role of dapagliflozin in the cardiovascular system.

Methods: This research retrospectively included 271 T2DM patients treated with coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) at Hebei Provincial People's Hospital from January 2021 to November 2024, with 103 patients receiving dapagliflozin therapy (dapagliflozin+) and 168 patients not receiving dapagliflozin (dapagliflozin-) (oral dapagliflozin 10 mg/day for no less than 6 months). Baseline clinical information, laboratory markers, and CCTA-related metrics were collected and analysed across both groups. The relationship between dapagliflozin treatment and the pericoronary FAI was analysed using multiple linear regression to control for confounding variables, and the correlation between the two variables was further examined across various subgroups.

Results: Compared with those in the dapagliflozin- group, the patients in the dapagliflozin+ group were younger (P<0.001), and the proportion of men was higher (P<0.05). There were no between-group differences in the baseline data, such as diabetes course, BMI, and blood lipid status (P>0.05). The FAI of the LAD and RCA in the dapagliflozin+ group was lower than that in the other groups, and the average FAI of the three coronary arteries was also significantly lower, while there was no significant difference in the LCX (LAD: dapagliflozin- group: -85.50 (-90.43, -78.27)，dapagliflozin+ group：-86.94 (-92.81, -81.57)，P= 0.044；RCA：dapagliflozin- group：-86.31 (-92.12, -80.09), dapagliflozin+ group：-88.79 (-94.59, -83.31), P= 0.019; Mean: dapagliflozin- group: -84.05 (-87.73, -77.45), dapagliflozin+ group: -84.88 (-89.82, -79.67), P= 0.022; LCX: dapagliflozin- group：-77.81 (-82.57, -71.75), dapagliflozin+ group: -78.25 (-84.56, -72.15), P = 0.260). Multiple linear regression analyses revealed an independent association between dapagliflozin treatment and a decreased in FAI in the LAD and RCA (LAD: β=-2.449; RCA: β=-3.897; P values are all less than 0.05). This association was different across various subsets of T2DM patients.

Conclusion: Dapagliflozin treatment is associated with a significant reduction in coronary artery inflammation in T2DM patients, which may partly explain its beneficial effects on reducing cardiovascular risk.