将结构变异付诸实践:染色体倒位在海洋环境管理中的作用。

IF 4.5 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Nadja M Schneller, Jan M Strugnell, Matt A Field, Kerstin Johannesson, Ira Cooke
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引用次数: 0

摘要

海洋物种和生态系统面临的主要威胁包括过度捕捞、入侵物种、污染和气候变化。气候变化不仅通过严重的海洋热浪、气旋和海洋酸化带来直接威胁,而且还通过推动物种范围的变化,使渔业和入侵物种管理复杂化。这些威胁的动态性质意味着,我们海洋的未来将取决于物种的适应能力。这导致人们呼吁采取遗传干预措施,加强物种的适应能力,包括易位、重新放养和选择性育种。评估这些方法的收益和风险需要更好地了解适应性变异的遗传结构,不仅与气候适应性表型有关,而且与当地适应种群和杂交的适合度有关。染色体倒位等大结构遗传变异通过连接多个适应位点在局部适应中发挥重要作用。因此,在管理适应能力时,反转可能特别重要。然而,在某些情况下,它们也会积累有害的突变,潜在地增加近交抑郁的风险。考虑到这些在适应性方面的双重作用的遗传管理可能更有效地确保种群的持久性。我们总结了影响逆温适应性和有害变异的进化因素,回顾了在海洋分类群中发现的逆温,并提供了一个框架来预测在关键管理情景中忽视逆温的后果。最后,我们描述了实际的方法,以弥合进化论和实际应用之间的差距反转在保护。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Putting Structural Variants Into Practice: The Role of Chromosomal Inversions in the Management of Marine Environments.

Major threats to marine species and ecosystems include overfishing, invasive species, pollution and climate change. The changing climate not only imposes direct threats through the impacts of severe marine heatwaves, cyclones and ocean acidification but also complicates fisheries and invasive species management by driving species range shifts. The dynamic nature of these threats means that the future of our oceans will depend on the ability of species to adapt. This has led to calls for genetic interventions focussed on enhancing species' adaptive capacity, including translocations, restocking and selective breeding. Assessing the benefits and risks of such approaches requires an improved understanding of the genetic architecture of adaptive variation, not only in relation to climate-resilient phenotypes but also locally adapted populations and the fitness of hybrids. Large structural genetic variants such as chromosomal inversions play an important role in local adaptation by linking multiple adaptive loci. Consequently, inversions are likely to be particularly important when managing for adaptive capacity. However, under some circumstances, they also accumulate deleterious mutations, potentially increasing the risk of inbreeding depression. Genetic management that takes account of these dual roles on fitness is likely to be more effective at ensuring population persistence. We summarise evolutionary factors influencing adaptive and deleterious variation of inversions, review inversions found in marine taxa, and provide a framework to predict the consequences of ignoring inversions in key management scenarios. We conclude by describing practical methods to bridge the gap between evolutionary theory and practical application of inversions in conservation.

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来源期刊
Molecular Ecology
Molecular Ecology 生物-进化生物学
CiteScore
8.40
自引率
10.20%
发文量
472
审稿时长
1 months
期刊介绍: Molecular Ecology publishes papers that utilize molecular genetic techniques to address consequential questions in ecology, evolution, behaviour and conservation. Studies may employ neutral markers for inference about ecological and evolutionary processes or examine ecologically important genes and their products directly. We discourage papers that are primarily descriptive and are relevant only to the taxon being studied. Papers reporting on molecular marker development, molecular diagnostics, barcoding, or DNA taxonomy, or technical methods should be re-directed to our sister journal, Molecular Ecology Resources. Likewise, papers with a strongly applied focus should be submitted to Evolutionary Applications. Research areas of interest to Molecular Ecology include: * population structure and phylogeography * reproductive strategies * relatedness and kin selection * sex allocation * population genetic theory * analytical methods development * conservation genetics * speciation genetics * microbial biodiversity * evolutionary dynamics of QTLs * ecological interactions * molecular adaptation and environmental genomics * impact of genetically modified organisms
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