The correlation between periostin and eosinophillic cationic protein demonstrate its potential biomarker of mucosal remodeling in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.

Introduction: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is classified into CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), a type 2 inflammation with elevated CLC and ECP levels, and CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP), a non-type 2 inflammation. Periostin plays a crucial role in mucosal remodeling, but its involvement in CRSwNP remains unclear.

Aims/objectives: To investigate correlation between CRSwNP endotype and periostin levels.

Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study measured endotype biomarkers (ECP, CLC, IFN-γ, IL-17A) and periostin levels in uncinate process and nasal polyps using ELISA to assess their correlation.

Results: 99.6% of uncinate process and 36.67% of nasal polyp tissue samples displayed a mixed endotype pattern, while 2 samples were untype-able. Periostin levels were significantly higher in nasal polyp compared to uncinate process tissue (p = .0116) and control. Only ECP levels in the uncinate process showed a significant correlation with periostin (r = 0.326, p = .038).

Conclusion and significance: Periostin is significantly elevated in nasal polyps, highlighting its role in CRSwNP. Its correlation with ECP in the uncinate process suggests involvement in inflammation, warranting further research into periostin as a therapeutic target. This study confirms periostin's role in CRSwNP, it potentially occurs with or without depending on the CRS endotype pathways.