Innovative integration of DMFC in polygeneration energy systems for enhanced renewable fuel and power outputs

To leverage renewable resources, including wind energy and biomass, the present research focused on an innovative multi-generation energy system integrating Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyzers (PEME), Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC), Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (DMFC), and advanced biogas, methane, and methanol production units. This system aims to produce electricity, hydrogen, methane, and methanol while addressing challenges in sustainable energy generation and greenhouse gas emissions reduction. A thermodynamic model evaluates the system’s energy efficiency and performance under varying operating conditions. The PEME unit efficiently produces hydrogen, which is utilized in the synthesis of methane (SNG) and methanol. The SOFC and DMFC units generate electrical power while utilizing methane and methanol as fuels, respectively. Key parameters such as current density, inlet temperature, and methanol concentration are optimized to maximize efficiency and minimize energy losses. Results indicate that the combined system achieves peak energy efficiencies of 41.27 % for SOFC and 20.41 % for DMFC under ideal operating conditions. The integration of renewable wind and biomass resources significantly reduces reliance on fossil fuels, contributing to a substantial decrease in CO₂ emissions. Economic analysis reveals that the system is cost-effective, with total product unit costs ranging between 27.16 $/GJ and 28.41 $/GJ depending on operating parameters. This comprehensive energy system demonstrates a practical approach to sustainable energy generation, with the flexibility to produce multiple fuels and power outputs while reducing environmental impacts. The findings provide a framework for future development and optimization of renewable-based multi-generation systems, supporting global energy transition goals and carbon neutrality objectives.