Rapid and sensitive detection of human adenovirus types 3 and 7 using CRISPR-Cas12b coupled with multiple cross displacement amplification

Background

Human adenovirus type 3 (HAdV-3) and 7 (HAdV-7) are significant causative agents of acute respiratory tract infections that are prevalent among school-based outbreaks across China. Rapid and accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective control and treatment of HAdV infection.

Methods

Here, we developed a novel diagnostic assay combining multiple cross displacement amplification (MCDA) with CRISPR-Cas12b technology, designated HAdV-MCDA-CRISPR, to rapidly detect HAdV-3 and HAdV-7. The assay targets a highly conserved region of the hexon gene, enabling broad detection of these serotypes. The protocol includes DNA extraction (15 minutes), MCDA amplification (40 minutes), and CRISPR detection (5 minutes), and is completed within one hour. Specificity was validated by testing against non-HAdV pathogens, while sensitivity was assessed using serial dilutions of hexon-containing plasmid DNA. Clinical performance was evaluated using 88 patient samples.

Results

The HAdV-MCDA-CRISPR assay demonstrated high sensitivity, detecting as little as 5 fg HAdV plasmid DNA per reaction, and showed no cross-reactivity with other common respiratory pathogens. Clinical validation using 88 patient samples further demonstrated the diagnostic accuracy of HAdV-MCDA-CRISPR.

Conclusions

HAdV-MCDA-CRISPR is a rapid, sensitive, and specific tool for diagnosing HAdV-3 and HAdV-7 infections, offering potential for timely clinical intervention and enhanced epidemiological surveillance.