Homeyra Piri , Carlo Caligiuri , Matteo Brolpasino , Massimiliano Renzi , Marco Bietresato
{"title":"生物润滑剂老化分析:实际发动机测试和化学表征的建议","authors":"Homeyra Piri , Carlo Caligiuri , Matteo Brolpasino , Massimiliano Renzi , Marco Bietresato","doi":"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102121","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biolubricants are the most promising renewable alternative in the lubrication industry. Given the environmental benefits, a comprehensive understanding of the actual performance of biolubricants is essential for their conscious use, particularly in internal combustion engines. In this study, a commercial ester-based biolubricant (PLANTO MOT SAE 10W40) was tested to assess its degradation behavior during engine operation. This study aims at evaluating the accelerated ageing behavior of a biolubricant after on/off test cycles on an internal combustion engine under real operating conditions. It was observed that the density of the biolubricant increased steadily after 120 cycles, while its kinematic viscosity steadily dropped over time at both 40 °C and 100 °C, which is consistent with normal ageing of lubricants. TBN was stable during ageing but with a minor decrease at 120 cycles, which is a sign of reduced acid neutralization effectiveness, despite the slow increase in oxidation levels confirming that the lubricant resisted oxidation well over the testing period. Analyzing wear metals, additives, and pollution over time offers essential information on how the biolubricant degrades in challenging conditions. Emission analysis for the same engine using the biolubricant showed a noticeable decrease in CO emissions by 16.6 % compared to the same engine using a conventional lubricant, a slight drop in CO<sub>2</sub> emissions by 12.9 %, a significant reduction in NO<sub>x</sub> emissions by 12.0 %. The biolubricant contributed to the reduction of UHCs by 2.5 %. The potential of biolubricants to minimize incomplete combustion byproducts, lower greenhouse gas and polluting emissions is reflected in these findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Energy Institute","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 102121"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6000,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Biolubricant ageing analysis: Proposal for a real-engine test and chemical characterization\",\"authors\":\"Homeyra Piri , Carlo Caligiuri , Matteo Brolpasino , Massimiliano Renzi , Marco Bietresato\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.joei.2025.102121\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><div>Biolubricants are the most promising renewable alternative in the lubrication industry. Given the environmental benefits, a comprehensive understanding of the actual performance of biolubricants is essential for their conscious use, particularly in internal combustion engines. In this study, a commercial ester-based biolubricant (PLANTO MOT SAE 10W40) was tested to assess its degradation behavior during engine operation. This study aims at evaluating the accelerated ageing behavior of a biolubricant after on/off test cycles on an internal combustion engine under real operating conditions. It was observed that the density of the biolubricant increased steadily after 120 cycles, while its kinematic viscosity steadily dropped over time at both 40 °C and 100 °C, which is consistent with normal ageing of lubricants. TBN was stable during ageing but with a minor decrease at 120 cycles, which is a sign of reduced acid neutralization effectiveness, despite the slow increase in oxidation levels confirming that the lubricant resisted oxidation well over the testing period. Analyzing wear metals, additives, and pollution over time offers essential information on how the biolubricant degrades in challenging conditions. Emission analysis for the same engine using the biolubricant showed a noticeable decrease in CO emissions by 16.6 % compared to the same engine using a conventional lubricant, a slight drop in CO<sub>2</sub> emissions by 12.9 %, a significant reduction in NO<sub>x</sub> emissions by 12.0 %. The biolubricant contributed to the reduction of UHCs by 2.5 %. The potential of biolubricants to minimize incomplete combustion byproducts, lower greenhouse gas and polluting emissions is reflected in these findings.</div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":17287,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of The Energy Institute\",\"volume\":\"121 \",\"pages\":\"Article 102121\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":5.6000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-04-30\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of The Energy Institute\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"5\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1743967125001497\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"工程技术\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"ENERGY & FUELS\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of The Energy Institute","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1743967125001497","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENERGY & FUELS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
生物润滑剂是润滑工业中最有前途的可再生替代品。考虑到环境效益,全面了解生物润滑剂的实际性能对于有意识地使用它们至关重要,特别是在内燃机中。在这项研究中,对一种商用酯基生物润滑剂(PLANTO MOT SAE 10W40)进行了测试,以评估其在发动机运行过程中的降解行为。本研究旨在评估一种生物润滑剂在内燃机实际运行条件下的开/关测试循环后的加速老化行为。在40°C和100°C下,120次循环后,生物润滑剂的密度稳定增加,而其运动粘度随着时间的推移稳步下降,这与润滑剂的正常老化一致。TBN在老化过程中是稳定的,但在120次循环时略有下降,这是酸中和效果降低的标志,尽管氧化水平缓慢上升,证实了润滑剂在测试期间抗氧化性能良好。随着时间的推移,分析磨损金属、添加剂和污染,可以提供有关生物润滑剂在恶劣条件下如何降解的重要信息。对同一台发动机进行的排放分析显示,与使用传统润滑油的发动机相比,使用生物润滑油的发动机CO排放量显著减少16.6%,CO2排放量略微下降12.9%,NOx排放量显著减少12.0%。生物润滑剂使uhc减少了2.5%。这些发现反映了生物润滑剂在减少不完全燃烧副产物、减少温室气体和污染排放方面的潜力。
Biolubricant ageing analysis: Proposal for a real-engine test and chemical characterization
Biolubricants are the most promising renewable alternative in the lubrication industry. Given the environmental benefits, a comprehensive understanding of the actual performance of biolubricants is essential for their conscious use, particularly in internal combustion engines. In this study, a commercial ester-based biolubricant (PLANTO MOT SAE 10W40) was tested to assess its degradation behavior during engine operation. This study aims at evaluating the accelerated ageing behavior of a biolubricant after on/off test cycles on an internal combustion engine under real operating conditions. It was observed that the density of the biolubricant increased steadily after 120 cycles, while its kinematic viscosity steadily dropped over time at both 40 °C and 100 °C, which is consistent with normal ageing of lubricants. TBN was stable during ageing but with a minor decrease at 120 cycles, which is a sign of reduced acid neutralization effectiveness, despite the slow increase in oxidation levels confirming that the lubricant resisted oxidation well over the testing period. Analyzing wear metals, additives, and pollution over time offers essential information on how the biolubricant degrades in challenging conditions. Emission analysis for the same engine using the biolubricant showed a noticeable decrease in CO emissions by 16.6 % compared to the same engine using a conventional lubricant, a slight drop in CO2 emissions by 12.9 %, a significant reduction in NOx emissions by 12.0 %. The biolubricant contributed to the reduction of UHCs by 2.5 %. The potential of biolubricants to minimize incomplete combustion byproducts, lower greenhouse gas and polluting emissions is reflected in these findings.
期刊介绍:
The Journal of the Energy Institute provides peer reviewed coverage of original high quality research on energy, engineering and technology.The coverage is broad and the main areas of interest include:
Combustion engineering and associated technologies; process heating; power generation; engines and propulsion; emissions and environmental pollution control; clean coal technologies; carbon abatement technologies
Emissions and environmental pollution control; safety and hazards;
Clean coal technologies; carbon abatement technologies, including carbon capture and storage, CCS;
Petroleum engineering and fuel quality, including storage and transport
Alternative energy sources; biomass utilisation and biomass conversion technologies; energy from waste, incineration and recycling
Energy conversion, energy recovery and energy efficiency; space heating, fuel cells, heat pumps and cooling systems
Energy storage
The journal''s coverage reflects changes in energy technology that result from the transition to more efficient energy production and end use together with reduced carbon emission.