确定3d打印修复树脂材料的边缘强度

IF 4.6 1区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Dental Materials Pub Date : 2025-04-18 DOI:10.1016/j.dental.2025.04.005

Shaymaa Mudhaffer , Julfikar Haider , Nick Silikas , Julian Satterthwaite

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引用次数: 0

摘要

随着数字技术在牙科领域的出现，手工制作牙齿修复体的方法正在被涉及三维（3D）打印和铣削的数字CAD/CAM过程所取代。边缘退化和切屑是常见的问题，但关于3d打印修复材料边缘强度的文献仍然有限。关于打印方向对边缘强度的影响仍存在不确定性，需要进一步研究以确保临床疗效。本研究的目的是评估打印方向对3d打印牙体修复树脂边缘强度的影响，并将其与研磨材料进行比较。材料和方法使用五种3D打印树脂：VarseoSmile Crownplus （VCP）、Crowntec （CT）、Nextdent C&B MFH （ND）、Dima C&B temp （DT）和GC temp print (GC)，在三个方向（0、45和90度）上增材制造样品（14 ×14 ×2 mm）。使用DLP 3D打印机（ASIGA MAX UV），后处理参数根据制造商建议设置。使用CK 10试验机在距离边缘0.5 mm和1 mm处测量边缘强度。标本在干燥条件下（0.5 mm）和37°C人工唾液中保存48 小时（0.5 mm和1 mm）后进行测试。用光学显微镜和扫描电镜分析了失效模式。采用灰分法评价填料含量，采用方差分析进行统计分析。使用Pearson相关性来评估填料重量和边缘强度之间的关系。结果由于在两种距离的载荷作用下，切屑前的严重变形，3d打印和铣削的中间材料的数据被排除在外。与0度和45度取向相比，确定材料的90度印刷取向在人工唾液中48 小时后显示出显着更高的边缘强度（P <； 0.001）。3D打印材料与铣削材料在0.5 mm (P <； 0.001)mm处存在显著差异，但在1 mm处无显著差异（P ≥ 0.804）。失效模式主要为表面压痕无明显裂纹（58 %），其次为表面压痕有明显裂纹（17 %）、边缘切屑（0.2 %）和试样断裂（13 %）。填料重量与边缘强度呈非显著负相关（r = 0.161,P <； 0.680）。根据目前的研究结果，3D打印90度方向的树脂材料可以提高边缘强度。与铣削复合材料相比，3d打印材料可以更好地抵抗裂纹扩展。临床意义优化打印方向至90度可以提高最终3D打印材料的边缘强度。

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Edge strength of definitive 3D-printed restorative resin materials

Statement of the problem

With the advent of digital technology in dentistry, manual methods for creating dental restorations are being replaced by digital CAD/CAM processes involving three-dimensional (3D) printing and milling. Marginal degradation and chipping are common issues, yet the literature on the edge strength of 3D-printed restorative materials remains limited. Uncertainties remain regarding the impact of print orientation on edge strength, necessitating further investigation to ensure clinical efficacy.

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of print orientation on the edge strength of 3D-printed dental restorative resins indicated for definitive and interim use and compare them with milled materials.

Materials and methods

Specimens (14 ×14 ×2 mm) were additively manufactured in three orientations (0, 45, and 90 degrees) using five 3D printed resins: VarseoSmile Crown^plus (VCP), Crowntec (CT), Nextdent C&B MFH (ND), Dima C&B temp (DT), and GC temp print (GC). A DLP 3D printer (ASIGA MAX UV) was used, with post-processing parameters set according to manufacturer recommendations. Edge strength was measured at 0.5 mm and 1 mm distance from the edge using a CK 10 testing machine. Specimens were tested in dry conditions (0.5 mm) and after 48 hours of storage in artificial saliva at 37°C (0.5 mm and 1 mm). Failure modes were analysed visually and using optical and scanning electron microscopy. Filler content was assessed using the Ash method, and statistical analysis was conducted using ANOVA. Pearson correlation was used to assess the relationship between filler weight and edge strength.

Results

Due to severe deformation before chipping under load at both distances, data for the 3D-printed and milled interim materials were excluded. The 90-degree printing orientation of definitive materials demonstrated significantly higher edge strength after 48 hours in artificial saliva compared to the 0- and 45-degree orientations (P < 0.001). Significant differences were observed between the 3D printed and milled materials at 0.5 (P < 0.001) mm but not at 1 mm (P ≥ 0.804). Failure modes were predominantly surface indentation without visible cracking (58 %), followed by surface indentation with visible cracking (17 %), edge chipping (0.2 %), and specimen fracture (13 %). A non-significant negative correlation was observed between filler weight and edge strength (r = 0.161, P < 0.680).

Conclusions

Based on the current findings, 3D printing definitive resin materials at a 90-degree orientation provided increased edge strength. 3D-printed materials can better resist crack propagation compared to milled composites.

Clinical implications

Optimizing the print orientation to 90-degree can improve the edge strength of definitive 3D printed materials.

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来源期刊

Dental Materials 工程技术-材料科学：生物材料

CiteScore

9.80

自引率

10.00%

发文量

290

审稿时长

67 days

期刊介绍： Dental Materials publishes original research, review articles, and short communications. Academy of Dental Materials members click here to register for free access to Dental Materials online. The principal aim of Dental Materials is to promote rapid communication of scientific information between academia, industry, and the dental practitioner. Original Manuscripts on clinical and laboratory research of basic and applied character which focus on the properties or performance of dental materials or the reaction of host tissues to materials are given priority publication. Other acceptable topics include application technology in clinical dentistry and dental laboratory technology. Comprehensive reviews and editorial commentaries on pertinent subjects will be considered.