A novel BODIPY probe for efficient detection and Photoinactivation of E.coli

Bacterial metabolism is related to pathogenicity, which lead to numerous diseases and pose significant threats to human health. Therefore, the development of metabolism-responsive probes is essential for early detection and effective treatment. In this study, we designed a novel BODIPY-based fluorescent probe (NH₂-BIN) targeting Escherichia coli (E. coli), guided by its copper homeostasis mechanism. NH₂-BIN exhibits high selectivity toward Cu²⁺ ions, forming a non-emissive complex (NH₂-BIN-Cu). Remarkably, E. coli is capable of restoring the fluorescence of NH₂-BIN-Cu through copper-binding and redox activity. The probe demonstrates an “on–off–on” fluorescence response with detection limits of 15 nM for Cu²⁺ and 1.04 CFU/mL for E. coli. Furthermore, NH₂-BIN-Cu displays photo-induced antibacterial activity against E. coli under red LED irradiation. These results highlight NH₂-BIN as a metabolism-driven, E. coli-responsive “sense-and-treat” fluorescence probe, offering a promising approach for precise detection and red-light-activated antibacterial therapy.