Ajoa J. Addae , Jennifer Uyanga , Joey Chifamba , Paul S. Weiss
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Advances in enhancing photoprotection of sunscreens using hydrocarbon film formers and carbon nanomaterials
Recent developments in sunscreen formulations have been made to enhance sunscreen films formed on the surface of the skin. Film formation is of particular interest for sunscreens because the ability of solubilized ultraviolet (UV) filters to adhere to the skin’s surface in such a way that they efficiently absorb UV light is a significant determinant of sun protection factor (SPF) value. Additionally, methods of stabilizing sunscreen films at the formulation level are of interest due to the degradation of sunscreen on skin-like substrates overtime. We note that traditional solvent-based spectroscopic methods of measuring sunscreens’ efficacy capture only a portion of the story when it comes to determining SPF value and photoprotective properties of sunscreens on human skin. In this forward-looking review, we highlight strategies for enhancing film formation in sunscreens using hydrocarbon film formers and carbon nanomaterials. We discuss challenges of maintaining adhesion of sunscreen films on skin-like substrates, outline properties of hydrocarbon film formers and carbon nanomaterials for improving photoprotection, and present best practices for analyzing sunscreen films at the formulation level. Overall, this review provides insights relevant for sunscreen formulators and clinicians who develop and evaluate sunscreen efficacy.
期刊介绍:
The aim of the Journal is to provide a forum for the critical analysis of advanced drug and gene delivery systems and their applications in human and veterinary medicine. The Journal has a broad scope, covering the key issues for effective drug and gene delivery, from administration to site-specific delivery.
In general, the Journal publishes review articles in a Theme Issue format. Each Theme Issue provides a comprehensive and critical examination of current and emerging research on the design and development of advanced drug and gene delivery systems and their application to experimental and clinical therapeutics. The goal is to illustrate the pivotal role of a multidisciplinary approach to modern drug delivery, encompassing the application of sound biological and physicochemical principles to the engineering of drug delivery systems to meet the therapeutic need at hand. Importantly the Editorial Team of ADDR asks that the authors effectively window the extensive volume of literature, pick the important contributions and explain their importance, produce a forward looking identification of the challenges facing the field and produce a Conclusions section with expert recommendations to address the issues.