Progress and Challenges on Materials Used to Optimize Flight Efficiency, Improve Safety and Reliability, and Reduce Cost of Electric Vertical Take-Off and Landing Aircraft

Benefiting from the development of electric motors, batteries, and automation technologies, electric vertical take-off and landing aircraft have become more low-carbon, quieter, and more automated compared to conventional helicopters, thereby offering advantages such as reduced operating costs, enhanced safety, and improved reliability. With the rise of urban air mobility, the development of electric vertical take-off and landing aircraft has been a hot trend in academia and industry. Materials are the basis of technology, and the advancement of electric vertical take-off and landing aircraft hinges on breakthroughs in advanced materials. This paper outlines recent improvements in electric vertical take-off and landing aircraft, focusing on the fundamental research and technological status of materials used in core components such as power battery systems, motors, control systems, fuselages, and internal parts. This paper summarizes the current research progress in advanced materials aimed at optimizing flight efficiency, enhancing safety and reliability, as well as reducing manufacturing costs for electric vertical take-off and landing aircraft. By extracting, analyzing, and summarizing valid information from existing findings, it offers insights into future research and development directions.