Rapid photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes using Co2GeO4/ mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) heterojunction

Azo dyes, such as MB and CV, are widely used in the textile industry. Their discharge into the environment causes poisonous by-products, such as those that harm aquatic life and pose health risks to human beings. The focus of this research is on a new heterojunction-based photocatalyst made up of Co₂GeO₄ and mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride (m-g-C₃N₄) fabricated via a low-cost hydrothermal method for rapid degradation of Methylene blue (MB) and crystal violet (CV). The Co₂GeO₄/m-g-C₃N₄ heterojunction shows a type II heterojunction with a bandgap of 2.39 eV, making it responsive to visible light. The optimized heterojunction photocatalyst significantly enhances photocatalytic activity by facilitating efficient charge separation and transfer, extending spectral response, and improving electron-hole pair separation. The reaction degrades 95.5 % of Methylene Blue and 95 % of Crystal violet dyes. Reusability tests were conducted, and the material exhibits good stability up to four cycles of reusability. The research establishes Co₂GeO₄/m-g-C₃N₄ heterojunction photocatalyst as an effective option for sustainable wastewater treatment.