城市土壤中羟丙基-β-环糊精（HPCD）提取：71种多环芳烃（PAH）的质量平衡、生物可及性和致癌风险评价

IF 8.2 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Science of the Total Environment Pub Date : 2025-05-14 DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179639

Viviane J. Bayer, Alicja Behrensmeier, Christine Achten

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引用次数: 0

摘要

土壤中多环芳烃（PAH）的生物可及性通常是用羟丙基-β-环糊精（HPCD）萃取来测定的，但目前还没有确定生物可及性浓度（cbio）的标准化方法，无论是计算还是直接测量。此外，大多数研究仅分析了16种EPA多环芳烃，而忽略了具有更高相对效力因子（rpf）的更多致癌性多环芳烃，并且往往忽略了多环芳烃的来源。本研究通过提供高效液相色谱萃取物的质量平衡来检验最佳的生物测定。此外，本研究考察了71种多环芳烃在5种城市土壤中的生物可达性，考虑了它们的岩源到热源及其致癌潜力。通过对HPCD质量平衡的检查，发现机械应力和残余HPCD会人为地增加残余多环芳烃含量（非生物），使得用非生物计算cbio变得不可行。因此，我们建议重新提取HPCD提取物来测量生物活性。测得的多环芳烃的cbio与多环芳烃源有关，含岩煤土壤的cbio较低。在生物中，7h -苯并[c]芴对毒性当量（TEQs）贡献最大，而致癌性最强的EPA多环芳烃苯并[a]芘对毒性当量贡献最小。二苯并芘被认为是高度致癌物，它不是生物可及的。teq只能计算24个可用RPFs的PAH。然而，其他具有致癌性证据的多环芳烃也具有生物可及性，2-甲基氟蒽和苯并[c]菲的生物可达1 mg/kg。值得注意的是，苯并[c]菲被国际癌症研究机构列为2B类致癌物。这些发现表明，由于7h -苯并[c]芴和苯并[c]菲的致癌分类和生物可及性，它们尤其应被纳入常规风险评估。未来的研究应侧重于扩大更多多环芳烃的致癌性数据和RPF值。

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Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD) extraction of urban soils: mass balance, bioaccessibility, and cancer risk assessment of 71 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) from petrogenic and pyrogenic sources

Bioaccessibility of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in soils is often determined by extraction with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD), yet there is no standardized approach for determining bioaccessible concentrations (c_bio), which are either calculated or directly measured. Additionally, most studies analyze solely the 16 EPA PAH, neglecting more carcinogenic PAH with higher relative potency factors (RPFs) and often disregarding PAH sources. This study examines optimal c_bio determination by providing mass balances of HPCD extraction. Moreover, this study investigates the bioaccessibility of 71 PAH in five urban soils, considering their petrogenic to pyrogenic sources and their carcinogenic potential.

Checking HPCD mass balances revealed that mechanical stress and residual HPCD can artificially increase the residual PAH content (c_non-bio), making c_bio calculation using c_non-bio unfeasible. We therefore recommend re-extraction of HPCD extracts to measure c_bio. The measured c_bio of PAH depended on PAH sources, with lower c_bio observed in petrogenic coal-containing soils. Within c_bio, 7H-benzo[c]fluorene contributes most to toxicity equivalents (TEQs), while the most carcinogenic EPA PAH, benzo[a]pyrene, contributes little. Dibenzopyrenes, considered highly carcinogenic, were not bioaccessible. TEQs could only be calculated for 24 PAH with available RPFs. However, additional PAH with evidence for carcinogenicity were also bioaccessible, with 2-methylfluoranthene and benzo[c]phenanthrene reaching c_bio of >1 mg/kg. Notably, benzo[c]phenanthrene is classified by the IARC as a group 2B carcinogen.

These findings suggest that particularly 7H-benzo[c]fluorene and benzo[c]phenanthrene should be included in routine risk assessments due to their carcinogenic categorization and bioaccessibility. Future studies should focus on expanding carcinogenicity data and RPF values for additional PAH.

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来源期刊

Science of the Total Environment 环境科学-环境科学

CiteScore

17.60

自引率

10.20%

发文量

8726

审稿时长

2.4 months

期刊介绍： The Science of the Total Environment is an international journal dedicated to scientific research on the environment and its interaction with humanity. It covers a wide range of disciplines and seeks to publish innovative, hypothesis-driven, and impactful research that explores the entire environment, including the atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and anthroposphere. The journal's updated Aims & Scope emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary environmental research with broad impact. Priority is given to studies that advance fundamental understanding and explore the interconnectedness of multiple environmental spheres. Field studies are preferred, while laboratory experiments must demonstrate significant methodological advancements or mechanistic insights with direct relevance to the environment.