New Organic–Inorganic chloride (2-amino-4-methylpyridinium Hexachlorostannate): Crystal structure, BFDH morphology, and electrical conduction mechanism

Zero-dimensional (0D) organic–inorganic metal halides have garnered widespread attention for their exceptional chemical tunability and promising potential in optoelectronic applications. In this work, a novel (0D) organic-inorganic hybrid compound, named bis-2-amino-4- methylpyridinium hexa-chlorostannate (denoted (2A4P)₂SnCl₆), was successfully synthesized via the slow evaporation method at room temperature. X-ray diffraction analysis of both single crystals and powder samples revealed a pure monoclinic structure with a P2₁/c space group. The Hirshfeld surfaces analysis indicates that H⋯Cl/Cl⋯H intercontact contributed significantly (68.2 %) to the (2A4P)₂SnCl₆ crystal packing. The crystal morphology is predicted from Laue (2/m) and space group (P2₁/c) symmetries of (2A4P)₂SnCl₆), which showed the screw axis (2₁) effect on the Importance morphology facets. The thermal stability was evaluated through DSC heating analysis, and TG measurements showed that the compound remains stable up to 470 K. In contrast, the electrical properties were investigated using complex impedance spectroscopy (CIS), revealing significant dependence on both frequency and temperature, indicating the presence of a relaxation phenomenon and semiconductor-like behavior. The activation energy for the studied compound is determined using Arrhenius's formula based on DC conductivity, which found to be 0.69 eV. The alternating current conductivity (${\sigma }_{\text{ac}}$) follows Jonscher's power law. Fitting the ${\sigma }_{\text{ac}}$ curves indicates that the dominant transport mechanism is the correlated barrier hopping CBH model. Overall, the research sheds light on the synthesis, crystal arrangement, and analysis of charge transfer mechanisms in this novel semiconductor, emphasizing its electronic potential.