Effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on coronary artery disease or metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background

Periodontitis is closely related to the occurrence and development of coronary artery disease (CAD) and metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, the role of nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) in these 2 diseases is still controversial. To investigate the efficacy of NSPT in managing individuals with CAD or MetS and the differences in effects and benefits of NSPT between the 2 patient populations.

Methods

Literature was searched in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, CNKI, VIP, and Wanfang databases from their inception to August 2024. The effect measures were mean differences (MD) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Meta-analyses were performed using random-effects models. Subgroup analysis of health status, follow-up time, antibiotic use and periodontitis severity were performed.

Results

Twenty-one publications involving 1619 subjects were included. Comparing to the control, NSPT significantly reduced the levels of CRP ([MD] -0.61 mg/L; 95% CI -1.11 to -0.12), TNF-α ([MD] -3.48 pg/mL; 95% CI -4.49 to -2.48), IL-6 ([MD] -1.56 pg/mL; 95% CI -2.30 to -0.83), IL-8 ([MD] -1.56 pg/mL; 95% CI -3.95 to -1.59; I² = 56%) and fasting blood glucose ([MD] -5.81 mg/dL; 95% CI -9.96 to -1.67).

Conclusions

Meta-analysis showed that NSPT exerted beneficial effects on CAD by controlling systemic inflammation levels, which was not observed in patients with MetS.