PEMFC系统中涡轮膨胀器调节策略的比较分析：稳态和暂态性能洞察

IF 6.1 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Thermal Engineering Pub Date : 2025-05-07 DOI:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126751

Fojin Zhou , Chengwei Sun , Qianya Xie , Xingyi Li , Yongjun Li , Ji Pu , Jun Li , Changqing Du

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引用次数: 0

摘要

从废气中回收能量是提高燃料电池系统（FCS）效率的有效策略。为了阐明可变喷嘴涡轮（VNT）调节在FCS全工况范围内的能量回收特性，本研究对固定和可变涡轮喷嘴方案对FCS稳态性能和动态响应的影响机理进行了实验分析。结果表明，自适应调节水轮机喷管开度可显著提高能量回收效率。在电流密度为0.8 a cm−2时，可变喷嘴开口（VNO）方案的净输出功率为102.86 kW，与开口为20%的固定喷嘴开口（FNO）方案相比，提高了4.9%。能量回收对涡轮喷管开度高度敏感。与FNO方案不同，VNO方案无法完全回收所有运行点的排气能量，VNO方案实现了完全回收，回收的能量占空压机功耗的35 - 40%。动态性能分析表明，在负载从0.2 A cm−2到0.8 A cm−2变化期间，两种方案之间的送风响应时间差异约为6.1%。然而，VNO方案显著减少了气体压力波动，确保了卓越的空气供应质量。本研究揭示了涡轮膨胀机调节对FCS全程性能的协同优化机制，为高功率密度燃料电池系统的发展提供了理论基础和关键技术途径。

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Comparative analysis of turbine expander regulation strategies in PEMFC systems: Steady-state and transient performance insights

Recycling energy from exhaust gases is an effective strategy to improve the efficiency of fuel cell systems (FCS). To elucidate the energy recovery characteristics of variable nozzle turbine (VNT) regulation across the full operating range of FCS, this study conducts experimental analysis of the impact mechanisms of fixed and variable schemes of turbine nozzles on the steady-state performance and dynamic response of FCS. The results demonstrate that condition-adaptive adjustment of the turbine nozzle opening significantly improves energy recovery efficiency. At a current density of 0.8 A cm⁻², the variable nozzle opening (VNO) scheme achieves a net output power of 102.86 kW, representing a 4.9 % enhancement compared to the fixed nozzle opening (FNO) scheme with 20 % opening. Energy recovery is highly sensitive to the turbine nozzle opening. Unlike the FNO scheme, which fails to fully recover exhaust energy across all operating points, the VNO scheme achieves complete recovery, with recovered energy accounting for 35–40 % of the air compressor’s power consumption. Dynamic performance analysis reveals that the difference in air supply response time between the two schemes during load variations from 0.2 A cm⁻² to 0.8 A cm⁻² is approximately 6.1 %. However, the VNO scheme significantly reduces gas pressure fluctuations, ensuring superior air supply quality. This study reveals the synergistic optimization mechanism of turbine expander regulation on the full-range performance of FCS, providing a theoretical foundation and key technical pathway for the development of high-power-density fuel cell systems.

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来源期刊

Applied Thermal Engineering 工程技术-工程：机械

CiteScore

11.30

自引率

15.60%

发文量

1474

审稿时长

57 days

期刊介绍： Applied Thermal Engineering disseminates novel research related to the design, development and demonstration of components, devices, equipment, technologies and systems involving thermal processes for the production, storage, utilization and conservation of energy, with a focus on engineering application. The journal publishes high-quality and high-impact Original Research Articles, Review Articles, Short Communications and Letters to the Editor on cutting-edge innovations in research, and recent advances or issues of interest to the thermal engineering community.