Péter Simor, Róka Zita Lilla, Orsolya Szalárdy, Zsófia Jordán, László Halász, Loránd Erőss, Dániel Fabó, Róbert Bódizs
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Whereas exteroceptive processing during sleep is widely studied, investigations on interoception (the processing of bodily signals) during sleep are scarce, and limited to scalp electroencephalographic recordings. Here we studied interoceptive processing in a group of epileptic patients (<i>N</i> = 11) by measuring their heartbeat-related neural activity in the anterior nuclei of the thalamus (ANT) during phasic and tonic REM sleep and resting wakefulness. Evoked potentials and beta–low gamma spectral power locked to the heartbeat were significantly different in phasic REM compared with tonic REM and wakefulness. Heartbeat-related neural signals exhibited pronounced inter-trial phase synchronization at lower (7–20 Hz) oscillatory activity in all vigilance states, but reduced gamma synchronization at later time points in phasic REM only. Tonic REM and wakefulness did not show significant differences in heartbeat-related activity in the ANT. Our findings indicate that heartbeat-related neural activity is detectable at the level of the ANT, showing distinct signatures of interoceptive processing in phasic REM compared with tonic REM and wakefulness.\n\n <figure>\n <div><picture>\n <source></source></picture><p></p>\n </div>\n </figure>\n </div>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Key points</h3>\n \n <div>\n <ul>\n \n <li>We studied interoceptive processing in the anterior the thalamus (ANT).</li>\n \n <li>The ANT tracks cardiac signals during wakefulness and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep.</li>\n \n <li>Phasic REM shows distinct patterns of heartbeat-related oscillatory activity.</li>\n \n <li>Interoceptive processing might be attenuated during REM periods with eye movements.</li>\n </ul>\n </div>\n </section>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":50088,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiology-London","volume":"603 9","pages":"2839-2855"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7000,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1113/JP287802","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Heartbeat-related activity in the anterior thalamus differs between phasic and tonic REM sleep\",\"authors\":\"Péter Simor, Róka Zita Lilla, Orsolya Szalárdy, Zsófia Jordán, László Halász, Loránd Erőss, Dániel Fabó, Róbert Bódizs\",\"doi\":\"10.1113/JP287802\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n \\n <div>Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is a fundamental sleep state associated with diverse functions from elemental physiological processes to higher order neurocognitive functions. A growing body of research indicates that REM sleep with eye movements (phasic REM) differs from REM periods without ocular activity (tonic) in terms of spontaneous and evoked neural responses. Studies using auditory stimulation consistently observed enhanced evoked responses in tonic <i>versus</i> phasic REM, indicating that external processing is largely diminished when the eyes move during REM sleep. Whereas exteroceptive processing during sleep is widely studied, investigations on interoception (the processing of bodily signals) during sleep are scarce, and limited to scalp electroencephalographic recordings. Here we studied interoceptive processing in a group of epileptic patients (<i>N</i> = 11) by measuring their heartbeat-related neural activity in the anterior nuclei of the thalamus (ANT) during phasic and tonic REM sleep and resting wakefulness. Evoked potentials and beta–low gamma spectral power locked to the heartbeat were significantly different in phasic REM compared with tonic REM and wakefulness. Heartbeat-related neural signals exhibited pronounced inter-trial phase synchronization at lower (7–20 Hz) oscillatory activity in all vigilance states, but reduced gamma synchronization at later time points in phasic REM only. Tonic REM and wakefulness did not show significant differences in heartbeat-related activity in the ANT. 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Heartbeat-related activity in the anterior thalamus differs between phasic and tonic REM sleep
Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is a fundamental sleep state associated with diverse functions from elemental physiological processes to higher order neurocognitive functions. A growing body of research indicates that REM sleep with eye movements (phasic REM) differs from REM periods without ocular activity (tonic) in terms of spontaneous and evoked neural responses. Studies using auditory stimulation consistently observed enhanced evoked responses in tonic versus phasic REM, indicating that external processing is largely diminished when the eyes move during REM sleep. Whereas exteroceptive processing during sleep is widely studied, investigations on interoception (the processing of bodily signals) during sleep are scarce, and limited to scalp electroencephalographic recordings. Here we studied interoceptive processing in a group of epileptic patients (N = 11) by measuring their heartbeat-related neural activity in the anterior nuclei of the thalamus (ANT) during phasic and tonic REM sleep and resting wakefulness. Evoked potentials and beta–low gamma spectral power locked to the heartbeat were significantly different in phasic REM compared with tonic REM and wakefulness. Heartbeat-related neural signals exhibited pronounced inter-trial phase synchronization at lower (7–20 Hz) oscillatory activity in all vigilance states, but reduced gamma synchronization at later time points in phasic REM only. Tonic REM and wakefulness did not show significant differences in heartbeat-related activity in the ANT. Our findings indicate that heartbeat-related neural activity is detectable at the level of the ANT, showing distinct signatures of interoceptive processing in phasic REM compared with tonic REM and wakefulness.
Key points
We studied interoceptive processing in the anterior the thalamus (ANT).
The ANT tracks cardiac signals during wakefulness and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep.
Phasic REM shows distinct patterns of heartbeat-related oscillatory activity.
Interoceptive processing might be attenuated during REM periods with eye movements.
期刊介绍：
The Journal of Physiology publishes full-length original Research Papers and Techniques for Physiology, which are short papers aimed at disseminating new techniques for physiological research. Articles solicited by the Editorial Board include Perspectives, Symposium Reports and Topical Reviews, which highlight areas of special physiological interest. CrossTalk articles are short editorial-style invited articles framing a debate between experts in the field on controversial topics. Letters to the Editor and Journal Club articles are also published. All categories of papers are subjected to peer reivew.
The Journal of Physiology welcomes submitted research papers in all areas of physiology. Authors should present original work that illustrates new physiological principles or mechanisms. Papers on work at the molecular level, at the level of the cell membrane, single cells, tissues or organs and on systems physiology are all acceptable. Theoretical papers and papers that use computational models to further our understanding of physiological processes will be considered if based on experimentally derived data and if the hypothesis advanced is directly amenable to experimental testing. While emphasis is on human and mammalian physiology, work on lower vertebrate or invertebrate preparations may be suitable if it furthers the understanding of the functioning of other organisms including mammals.
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