Advances in nanomaterial-based sensors: a study of carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, nanorods, nanowires, and nanopillars in emerging applications

Nanomaterials constitute a vital component of modern technological advancements and have attracted a great deal of attention. These advanced materials are now utilized in a broad spectrum of applications across various sectors, making substantial contributions to numerous aspects of our lives. Numerous sensors specifically engineered using them demonstrate their versatility and value in technological advancements. They find applications across a range of sensor types, including optical, chemical, biological, physical, thermal, and digital sensors. These sensors generate electrical signals to detect and measure physical phenomena. They also convert biological reactions into electrical impulses in response to physical inputs, enabling the detection and monitoring of a wide range of conditions and processes. This article focuses on nanomaterial-based sensors, covering their development and applications in diverse sectors. They find their applications in identifying adulterants in food, impurities in medicine, and early diagnosis of illnesses.