Jangwon Ju , Daejun Kim , Kyoungmin Kim , Mingyu Kim , Byeong-Kweon Oh
{"title":"两个平方和与其固有子形式的分离","authors":"Jangwon Ju , Daejun Kim , Kyoungmin Kim , Mingyu Kim , Byeong-Kweon Oh","doi":"10.1016/j.jnt.2025.02.005","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For a (positive definite and integral) quadratic form <em>f</em>, a quadratic form is said to be <em>an isolation of f from its proper subforms</em> if it represents all proper subforms of <em>f</em>, but not <em>f</em> itself. It was proved that the minimal rank of isolations of the square quadratic form <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> is three, and there are exactly 15 ternary diagonal isolations of <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>. Recently, it was proved that any quaternary quadratic form cannot be an isolation of the sum of two squares <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>I</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><msup><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><mo>+</mo><msup><mrow><mi>y</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>, and there are quinary isolations of <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>I</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>. In this article, we prove that there are at most 231 quinary isolations of <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>I</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>, which are listed in Table 1. Moreover, we prove that 14 quinary quadratic forms with dagger mark in Table 1 are isolations of <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>I</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50110,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Number Theory","volume":"277 ","pages":"Pages 1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6000,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Isolations of the sum of two squares from its proper subforms\",\"authors\":\"Jangwon Ju , Daejun Kim , Kyoungmin Kim , Mingyu Kim , Byeong-Kweon Oh\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.jnt.2025.02.005\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><div>For a (positive definite and integral) quadratic form <em>f</em>, a quadratic form is said to be <em>an isolation of f from its proper subforms</em> if it represents all proper subforms of <em>f</em>, but not <em>f</em> itself. It was proved that the minimal rank of isolations of the square quadratic form <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> is three, and there are exactly 15 ternary diagonal isolations of <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>. Recently, it was proved that any quaternary quadratic form cannot be an isolation of the sum of two squares <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>I</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><msup><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><mo>+</mo><msup><mrow><mi>y</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>, and there are quinary isolations of <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>I</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>. In this article, we prove that there are at most 231 quinary isolations of <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>I</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>, which are listed in Table 1. Moreover, we prove that 14 quinary quadratic forms with dagger mark in Table 1 are isolations of <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>I</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>.</div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":50110,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of Number Theory\",\"volume\":\"277 \",\"pages\":\"Pages 1-18\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.6000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-05-06\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of Number Theory\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"100\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022314X2500109X\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"数学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"MATHEMATICS\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Number Theory","FirstCategoryId":"100","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022314X2500109X","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"MATHEMATICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
Isolations of the sum of two squares from its proper subforms
For a (positive definite and integral) quadratic form f, a quadratic form is said to be an isolation of f from its proper subforms if it represents all proper subforms of f, but not f itself. It was proved that the minimal rank of isolations of the square quadratic form is three, and there are exactly 15 ternary diagonal isolations of . Recently, it was proved that any quaternary quadratic form cannot be an isolation of the sum of two squares , and there are quinary isolations of . In this article, we prove that there are at most 231 quinary isolations of , which are listed in Table 1. Moreover, we prove that 14 quinary quadratic forms with dagger mark in Table 1 are isolations of .
期刊介绍:
The Journal of Number Theory (JNT) features selected research articles that represent the broad spectrum of interest in contemporary number theory and allied areas. A valuable resource for mathematicians, the journal provides an international forum for the publication of original research in this field.
The Journal of Number Theory is encouraging submissions of quality, long articles where most or all of the technical details are included. The journal now considers and welcomes also papers in Computational Number Theory.
Starting in May 2019, JNT will have a new format with 3 sections:
JNT Prime targets (possibly very long with complete proofs) high impact papers. Articles published in this section will be granted 1 year promotional open access.
JNT General Section is for shorter papers. We particularly encourage submission from junior researchers. Every attempt will be made to expedite the review process for such submissions.
Computational JNT . This section aims to provide a forum to disseminate contributions which make significant use of computer calculations to derive novel number theoretic results. There will be an online repository where supplementary codes and data can be stored.