Studies on the activity of Astragalus honey on blood glucose, immunity, and intestinal microorganisms in the organism

This study aimed to investigate the effects of Astragalus honey (ASH) on blood glucose levels, immunity function, and intestinal microbiota, while exploring its potential mechanisms of action using metabolomics. The results showed that ASH did not cause excessive elevation in blood glucose levels or induce a glucose burden. Immunological analysis revealed that NK cell activity, splenic T-lymphocyte proliferation and Phagocytic activity of macrophages were significantly increased in the high-dose ASH group. Analysis of intestinal flora showed that ASH increased the relative abundance of Clostridium, Anaplasma, Anaplasma paraphyllum and Eucalyptus species. Serum metabolomics indicated that ASH exerted its effects by modulating pathways such as primary bile acid biosynthesis, arachidonic acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and retinol metabolism. PCR results demonstrated that ASH upregulated PEMT and LCAT gene expression in the glycerophospholipid metabolic pathway. ASH does not impose a glucose burden, enhances immune function, and modulates intestinal flora.