双语者工作记忆表现中的认知效率和专业依赖自动性

IF 2.2 3区心理学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Brain and Cognition Pub Date : 2025-05-12 DOI:10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106308

Federico Gallo , Liliia Terekhina , Jubin Abutalebi , Yury Shtyrov , Andriy Myachykov

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引用次数: 0

摘要

认知效率（CE）和专业知识依赖自动性的概念是理解与双语经验相关的认知适应的核心。本研究通过操纵工作记忆任务的认知负荷，考察了双语青年的行为表现；操纵认知任务难度的可能性对于观察与自我认知和自动性相关的行为结果是必要的。为此，参与者完成了难度从0回到3回的n回任务，3回条件通常被认为是一种高度认知要求的任务。我们的目的是确定双语经验程度是否可以预测表现结果——准确性、反应时间和速度/准确性权衡——反映双语对工作记忆中CE和自动性的假设动态影响。结果表明，双语体验程度与工作记忆表现呈正相关，特别是当任务诱发的认知负荷增加时。当任务难度增加时，经验丰富的双语者表现出较小的表现下降，这一行为表现与CE增加相一致。此外，在不同程度的双语经验下，不同任务难度下的速度/准确性权衡轨迹呈现出差异，这与专业依赖型自动性之间存在关系。

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Cognitive efficiency and expertise-dependent automaticity in the working memory performance of bilinguals

The concepts of cognitive efficiency (CE) and expertise-dependent automaticity are central to the understanding of cognitive adaptations related to bilingual experiences. This study examined their behavioral manifestations in bilingual young adults by manipulating the cognitive load of a working memory task; the possibility to manipulate the difficulty of a cognitive task is necessary to observe behavioral outcomes associated with CE and automaticity. To this end, participants completed an n-back task ranging in difficulty from 0-back to 3-back, with the 3-back condition being commonly recognized as being a highly cognitively demanding one. We aimed to determine whether degree of bilingual experience could predict performance outcomes – accuracy, reaction times, and the speed/accuracy tradeoff – reflecting bilingualism’s putative dynamic impact on CE and automaticity in working memory. The results showed a positive relationship between degree of bilingual experience and working memory performance, particularly when the task-induced cognitive load increased. More experienced bilinguals demonstrated a smaller decline in performance when task difficulty intensified, a behavioral manifestation compatible with increased CE. Additionally, a relationship with expertise-dependent automaticity emerged, with the speed/accuracy tradeoff trajectory unfolding differentially across varying task difficulties at different degrees of bilingual experience.

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来源期刊

Brain and Cognition 医学-神经科学

CiteScore

4.60

自引率

0.00%

发文量

审稿时长

6 months

期刊介绍： Brain and Cognition is a forum for the integration of the neurosciences and cognitive sciences. B&C publishes peer-reviewed research articles, theoretical papers, case histories that address important theoretical issues, and historical articles into the interaction between cognitive function and brain processes. The focus is on rigorous studies of an empirical or theoretical nature and which make an original contribution to our knowledge about the involvement of the nervous system in cognition. Coverage includes, but is not limited to memory, learning, emotion, perception, movement, music or praxis in relationship to brain structure or function. Published articles will typically address issues relating some aspect of cognitive function to its neurological substrates with clear theoretical import, formulating new hypotheses or refuting previously established hypotheses. Clinical papers are welcome if they raise issues of theoretical importance or concern and shed light on the interaction between brain function and cognitive function. We welcome review articles that clearly contribute a new perspective or integration, beyond summarizing the literature in the field; authors of review articles should make explicit where the contribution lies. We also welcome proposals for special issues on aspects of the relation between cognition and the structure and function of the nervous system. Such proposals can be made directly to the Editor-in-Chief from individuals interested in being guest editors for such collections.