血浆SARS-CoV-2核衣壳抗原水平与肺部感染和组织损伤生物标志物相关

IF 2.5 4区医学 Q3 VIROLOGY

Virus research Pub Date : 2025-05-06 DOI:10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199580

Jing Chen , Shuai Zhao , Haiyang Yan , Yaomeng Huang , Congzhen Wei , Jiajia Liu , Jingna Sun

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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景sars - cov -2核衣壳(N)抗原已在新型冠状病毒感染患者外周血中被证实，但其诊断和预后意义尚不清楚。本研究旨在表征新型冠状病毒阳性患者中sars - cov - 2n抗原血症的动态，并评估其与临床严重程度和血浆生物标志物水平的潜在关联。方法分析51例SARS-CoV-2阳性患者180份血浆样品中SARS-CoV-2 N抗原、刺突受体结合域（S-RBD） IgG、中和抗体（NAb）和组织损伤生物标志物的水平。血浆抗原水平与并发呼吸道核酸扩增试验结果进行比较。结果Ct值低于30的患者血清抗原水平与Ct值高于30的患者差异有统计学意义(p <；0.01)。然而，呼吸道病毒载量与血清抗原水平无显著正相关。进一步分析显示，肺炎患者血清抗原水平明显高于无肺炎患者(p <；0.0001)。此外，与阴性组相比，抗原阳性组血清淀粉样蛋白A （SAA）和铁蛋白（Fe）水平显著升高，而降钙素原（PCT）和白细胞介素-6 （IL-6）水平无显著差异。值得注意的是，外周血N抗原阳性率在感染第一周达到47.1% (95% CI: 37.8% ~ 56.7%)，随后逐渐下降。此外，重症COVID-19患者的血清抗原水平明显高于轻、中度疾病患者(p <；0.0001)。抗原阴性患者血清SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD IgG和中和抗体（NAb）水平也显著高于抗原阳性患者(p <；0.0001)。结论：我们的研究结果强调了抗原血症在SARS-CoV-2中的多方面作用，并提示其作为疾病监测和风险分层的生物标志物的潜力。

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Plasma SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antigen levels are associated with lung infection and tissue‐damage biomarkers

Background

SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) antigen has been confirmed in the peripheral blood of patients with new coronavirus infection,yet its diagnostic and prognostic significance remains unclear. This study aimed to characterize the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 N antigenemia in patients with novel coronavirus positivity, and to assess its potential association with clinical severity and plasma biomarker levels.

Methods

We analyzed the level of SARS-CoV-2 N antigen, spike receptor-binding domain (S-RBD) IgG, neutralizing antibodies (NAb) and tissue‐damage biomarkers was assessed in 180 plasma samples from 51 SARS-CoV-2-positive individuals. Plasma antigen levels were compared with concurrent respiratory nucleic acid amplification test results.

Results

Patients with Ct values below 30 showed significantly different serum antigen levels compared to those with Ct values above 30 (p < 0.01). However, no significant positive correlation was found between respiratory viral load and serum antigen levels. Further analysis revealed that patients with pneumonia had markedly higher serum antigen levels than those without (p < 0.0001). Additionally, serum amyloid A (SAA) and ferritin (Fe) levels were significantly elevated in the antigenemia-positive group compared to the negative group, while procalcitonin (PCT) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels showed no significant differences. Notably, the positivity rate of N antigen in peripheral blood peaked at 47.1% (95% CI: 37.8%–56.7%) during the first week of infection and then gradually decreased over time. Moreover, patients with severe COVID-19 exhibited significantly higher serum antigen levels than those with mild or moderate disease (p < 0.0001). Serum levels of SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD IgG and neutralizing antibodies (NAb) were also significantly higher in antigenemia-negative patients than in antigenemia-positive patients (p < 0.0001). Conclusions:Our findings highlight the multifaceted role of antigenemia in SARS-CoV-2 and suggest its potential as a biomarker for disease monitoring and risk stratification.

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来源期刊

Virus research 医学-病毒学

CiteScore

9.50

自引率

2.00%

发文量

239

审稿时长

43 days

期刊介绍： Virus Research provides a means of fast publication for original papers on fundamental research in virology. Contributions on new developments concerning virus structure, replication, pathogenesis and evolution are encouraged. These include reports describing virus morphology, the function and antigenic analysis of virus structural components, virus genome structure and expression, analysis on virus replication processes, virus evolution in connection with antiviral interventions, effects of viruses on their host cells, particularly on the immune system, and the pathogenesis of virus infections, including oncogene activation and transduction.