A comparative study of the plant and animal peptone-capped silver nanoparticles on biological systems

This study presents an eco-friendly approach for synthesizing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by using the natural reducing and stabilizing capabilities of peptones extracted from both animal and plant sources, followed by an in-depth physicochemical characterization and a thorough assessment of their antioxidant, enzymatic, and toxicological properties. Advanced techniques were utilized for structural analysis of the nanoparticles (NPs), including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and UV–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy. The synthesized AgNPs were confirmed by a color change and characterized as spherical, with sizes of 32.20 nm (animal peptones) and 48.73 nm (plant peptones). Biological evaluation showed dose-dependent antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities, with animal-derived AgNPs exhibiting superior effects—83.40 % antioxidant activity, 73.06 % α-amylase inhibition, and 51.65 % urease inhibition at 1000 μg mL⁻¹. Acute toxicity tests in mice revealed no adverse effects at 2 mg mL⁻¹ via oral or intraperitoneal administration over 14 days. Overall, using peptones from animal and plant sources provides an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional chemical methods, promoting green chemistry approaches. These findings highlight the potential of peptone-derived AgNPs as effective antioxidants and enzyme inhibitors, suggesting promising applications in biomedical fields.