Insight into the hydrothermal performance of entropy-optimized time-dependent hybrid nanofluid flow in a non-Newtonian model with solar radiation mechanisms

The efficient management of heat transfer plays a crucial role in enhancing the performance of thermal systems, particularly in renewable energy applications such as solar thermal systems. This study investigates the hydrothermal performance of entropy-optimized, time-dependent hybrid nanofluid flow in a non-Newtonian model, utilizing Magnesium Oxide (MgO) and Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles suspended in water as the base fluid. A non-Newtonian fluid model is employed to simulate the flow behavior, reflecting more realistic conditions for complex fluid systems. Similarity variables are used to transform the governing partial differential equations (PDEs) into dimensionless ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The resulting ordinary differential equations are solved using the collocation numerical technique, and the corresponding heat transfer characteristics and entropy generation are thoroughly analyzed. The results, presented both in tabular and graphical formats, show that solar radiation and magnetic field parameters favorably influence the fluid temperature. Additionally, a higher Brinkman number leads to enhanced heat generation from viscous dissipation, which subsequently increases the rate of entropy production. The findings demonstrate the potential to reduce entropy generation and improve thermodynamic performance, offering important implications for the design of energy-efficient systems in solar thermal applications and other heat exchange technologies.