Irreversibility analysis of magnetized flow of engine oil hybrid nanofluid (Ti6Al4V-ZnO/EO) over a stretching surface

This article analyzes the irreversibility of hydro-magnetic dynamics of hybridized nanofluid comprising of titanium alloy (Ti₆Al₄V) and zinc-oxide (ZnO) submerged into engine oil (used as a fuel) through a porous stretching sheet with multipart effects of viscous dissipation and non-uniform heat source. An induced magnetic field exists in the flow field due to the conducting nature of the hybrid nanofluid. The equations of the flow model are transformed by the similarity transformations and then simulated through a numerical scheme constructed with a formulation of central differences that adopts successive over-relaxation methodology. In this thermodynamic system, entropy and Bejan number profiles corresponding to the prominent parameters are simultaneously analysed for both the nanofluid case and hybrid nanofluid case in the Cartesian coordinates. A comparison table is constructed to validate the numerical results with existing literature. The impacts of various parameters on Nusselt number and skin friction coefficient are graphed with reference to the magnetic field parameter. A significant reduction in irreversibility and a remarkable improvement in thermal characteristics of engine oil are observed due to induced magnetism effects. The engine oil hybrid nanofluid (Ti₆Al₄V-ZnO/EO) exhibits a 13.89 % higher heat transfer rate over a porous stretching surface compared to the engine oil nanofluid (Ti₆Al₄V/EO).