Key parameters influencing steam-reforming performance for hydrogen production

Hydrogen production via steam reforming (SR) is technically and economically feasible. To achieve higher feedstock conversion and H₂ yield, this study reviews the key parameters affecting SR, including feedstock type, temperature, steam-to-carbon molar ratio, pressure, space velocity, catalyst type, and reactor type. Accordingly, optimal parameter values must be selected considering thermodynamic, kinetic, and economic conditions. In addition, the challenges and prospects of the SR process are explored. Significant limitations of the SR process include overdependence on fossil fuels, CO₂ emissions, high energy requirements, catalyst deactivation, heat management, and infrastructure development. However, adopting renewable and sustainable feedstocks such as biogas, renewable energy sources like wind, solar, hydropower, tidal, and geothermal, smaller-scale SR, and carbon capture utilization, and storage technology can ensure that SR remains a viable H₂ production method alongside the increasing adoption of greener alternatives.