Metabolic regulation of Th17 and Treg cell balance by the mTOR signaling

The balance between T helper type 17 (Th17) and regulatory T (Treg) cells is crucial for maintaining immune homeostasis. The breakdown of this equilibrium is strongly associated with autoimmune disorders, though the regulatory mechanism of the Th17/Treg plasticity is less well demonstrated. The glycolytic metabolism plays a vital role in regulating the Th17/Treg cell differentiation. The review addressed the importance of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling in the glycolysis pathway attributed to Th17/Treg cell balance and consequence. Notably, we discuss the consequences of its equilibrium that lead to various autoimmune diseases, which might provide a new insight into the potentially therapeutic drug target for autoimmune disorders.