Validation and Cross-Cultural Adaptation of Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication Version 2 Among Older Adult Patients in Malaysia: A Psychometric Testing Study

Objectives

To assess the full psychometric testing of the translated Malay version of Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication version 2 (TSQM v.2).

Methods

This is a cross-sectional study involving a convenience sample of 429 older adult patients at outpatient settings of a teaching hospital in Malaysia. All patients answered the Malay version (M-TSQM v.2). The instrument reliability was tested using Cronbach’s alpha and composite reliability. Content validity was assessed by a panel of experts, whereas convergent validity was tested using the average variance extracted values. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to determine factorial validity and subsequently construct validity.

Results

Cronbach’s α for all the domains in the M-TSQM v.2 yielded a value above 0.7, and all domains exhibit a composite reliability value above 0.6, which indicate a good internal consistency. The confirmatory factor analysis of the 11 items in the 4 domains demonstrated acceptable factor loading (≥0.6), confirming the 4-factor dimensionality. The applied hierarchical confirmatory factor analysis proved that the model was good fit based on the absolute, incremental, and parsimonious fitness indices.

Conclusions

The M-TSQM v.2 is a valid, reliable, and psychometrically sound instrument for assessing treatment satisfaction among Malay-speaking populations. Therefore, it could be utilized crucially to capture the trueness level of treatment satisfaction in Malaysian patients regardless of their morbidity status, given that it is a generic measurement tool.