探索祖母接触空气污染与孙子患ASD风险之间的联系：加州一项基于多代人的研究

IF 10.3 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environment International Pub Date : 2025-05-09 DOI:10.1016/j.envint.2025.109526

Karl O’Sharkey , Ting Chow , Sanjali Mitra , Laura Thompson , Jason Su , Myles Cockburn , Zeyan Liew , Beate Ritz

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引用次数: 0

摘要

自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）是一种患病率越来越高的神经发育障碍。虽然遗传因素起着重要的因果作用，但在环境因素中，孕期和婴儿期接触空气污染（AP）已被强烈认为是一个风险因素。然而，祖母在怀孕期间暴露的潜在多代影响仍未得到研究。方法使用来自加利福尼亚州的跨三十年（1990-2019）的多代人群队列，我们使用每增加1 iqr单位的逻辑回归来研究祖母妊娠期的AP暴露（PM2.5, NO2, O3）与孙子孙女ASD风险之间的关系，并调整母亲在怀孕期间的暴露或婴儿在出生后第一年的暴露。我们使用了连续的AP暴露以及一个分类变量来表示祖母和母亲妊娠的高和/或低（高于或低于中位数）暴露水平。使用使用先进机器学习方法的土地使用回归模型来分配妊娠期和生命第一年的AP暴露。结果我们观察到PM2.5 （OR = 1.07,95 % CI: 1.05, 1.10）和NO2 （OR = 1.09,95 % CI: 1.05, 1.13）暴露与孙辈ASD风险增加之间的相关性。然而，只有PM2.5在调整了孕产妇妊娠暴露后，增加的效应估计值才持续存在(OR = 1.05；95 % ci: 1.02, 1.08)。与低暴露于PM2.5 （OR = 1.16,95 % CI: 1.11, 1.23）和NO2 （OR = 1.12,95 % CI: 1.06, 1.17）相比，祖母和母亲怀孕期间暴露于PM2.5 （OR = 1.16,95 % CI: 1.11, 1.23）对孙子的ASD的联合影响最强。结论多代暴露于空气污染环境，尤其是外祖母妊娠期暴露于PM2.5环境可能影响ASD风险。我们的研究还表明，空气污染的影响可能会因多代接触而加剧。

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Exploring the link between grandmaternal air pollution exposure and Grandchild’s ASD risk: A multigenerational population-based study in California

Background

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with increasing prevalence. While genetics play a strong causal role, among environmental factors, air pollution (AP) exposure in pregnancy and infancy has been strongly endorsed as a risk factor. However, potential multigenerational impacts through the exposure of the grandmother during her pregnancy remain unexplored.

Methods

Using a multigenerational, population-based cohort from California spanning three decades (1990–2019), we examined the association between grandmother’s gestational AP exposure (PM_2.5, NO₂, O₃) and ASD risk in grandchildren using logistic regression per 1-IQR unit increase, adjusting for maternal exposure in pregnancy or infant’s exposure in the first year of life. We used continuous AP exposure as well as a categorical variable representing high and/or low (above or below median) exposure levels for both the grandmaternal and maternal pregnancies. Pregnancy and first year of life AP exposures were assigned using a land-use regression model with advanced machine-learning approaches.

Results

We observed associations between PM_2.5 (OR = 1.07, 95 % CI: 1.05, 1.10) and NO₂ (OR = 1.09, 95 % CI: 1.05, 1.13) exposure during the grandmaternal pregnancy and increased ASD risk in the grandchild. However, only for PM_2.5 did the increased effect estimates persist after adjusting for maternal pregnancy exposure (OR = 1.05; 95 % CI: 1.02, 1.08). High compared to low exposures in both grandmaternal and maternal pregnancies to PM_2.5 (OR = 1.16, 95 % CI: 1.11, 1.23) and NO₂ (OR = 1.12, 95 % CI: 1.06, 1.17) showed the strongest joint effects for ASD in the grandchild.

Conclusions

Multigenerational exposure to air pollution, particularly PM_2.5 exposure in grandmaternal pregnancy, may influence ASD risk. Our study also suggests that ASD risk due to air pollution may be compounded by multigenerational exposures.

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来源期刊

Environment International 环境科学-环境科学

CiteScore

21.90

自引率

3.40%

发文量

734

审稿时长

2.8 months

期刊介绍： Environmental Health publishes manuscripts focusing on critical aspects of environmental and occupational medicine, including studies in toxicology and epidemiology, to illuminate the human health implications of exposure to environmental hazards. The journal adopts an open-access model and practices open peer review. It caters to scientists and practitioners across all environmental science domains, directly or indirectly impacting human health and well-being. With a commitment to enhancing the prevention of environmentally-related health risks, Environmental Health serves as a public health journal for the community and scientists engaged in matters of public health significance concerning the environment.