A.Y. Simão , P.Y. Tokuyama , G. Zampieri , V. Rocha , C. Madruga , K. Isicawa , L.S. Cidade , K.R. Almeida , N.R. da Silva , M. Barroso , M. Andraus , E. Gallardo
{"title":"药物监测项目下个体滥用药物和污染物的分析:一项头发样本研究","authors":"A.Y. Simão , P.Y. Tokuyama , G. Zampieri , V. Rocha , C. Madruga , K. Isicawa , L.S. Cidade , K.R. Almeida , N.R. da Silva , M. Barroso , M. Andraus , E. Gallardo","doi":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112493","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, over 900 hair samples from individuals using drugs of abuse in São Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil were analysed for classical drugs and new psychoactive substances (NPS) in hair samples. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods were developed for the detection of some drugs (25B-NBOMe, 25C-NBOMe, 25E-NBOH, 2C-C, 2C-I, 3,4-MDPHP, 3-MeO-PCP, 5F-MDMB-PINACA, 5-MeO-DMT, cannabidiol, ethylone, JWH 073, ketamine, mephedrone and UR-144) and drug adulterants (levamisole, phenacetin, strychnine); other substances including cocaine, amphetamines, benzodiazepines, opioids, cannabinoids were also analysed. The methods demonstrated good selectivity, linearity with lower limits of quantification ranging from 0.02 to 0.26 ng/mg, as well as precision and accuracy meeting ISO/IEC 17025 criteria. A total of 29.8 % samples were positive for at least one drug. Cocaine and its metabolites were the most frequently detected, with benzoylecgonine (111 cases), cocaine (88 cases), and cocaethylene (37 cases), highlighting prevalent cocaine use. Cannabinoids were also common, with THC (57 cases) and CBN (48 cases) detected. The presence of adulterants such as phenacetin (76 cases), levamisole (14 cases), and strychnine (3 cases) were also identified. Additionally, 5F-MDMB-PINACA was also detected (5 cases), along with ketamine (9 cases). Findings also highlighted a prevalence of poly-drug consumption, where THC was frequently detected with cocaine (20 cases) and benzoylecgonine (26 cases). CBN also showed notable associations with cocaine (16 cases) and benzoylecgonine (22 cases). These findings provide important insights into the evolving drug landscape in Brazil and highlight the effectiveness of hair analysis as a tool for monitoring drug use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12341,"journal":{"name":"Forensic science international","volume":"371 ","pages":"Article 112493"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2000,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Analysis of drugs of abuse and contaminants in individuals under drug surveillance programs: A study in hair samples\",\"authors\":\"A.Y. Simão , P.Y. Tokuyama , G. Zampieri , V. Rocha , C. Madruga , K. Isicawa , L.S. Cidade , K.R. Almeida , N.R. da Silva , M. Barroso , M. Andraus , E. Gallardo\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112493\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><div>In this study, over 900 hair samples from individuals using drugs of abuse in São Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil were analysed for classical drugs and new psychoactive substances (NPS) in hair samples. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods were developed for the detection of some drugs (25B-NBOMe, 25C-NBOMe, 25E-NBOH, 2C-C, 2C-I, 3,4-MDPHP, 3-MeO-PCP, 5F-MDMB-PINACA, 5-MeO-DMT, cannabidiol, ethylone, JWH 073, ketamine, mephedrone and UR-144) and drug adulterants (levamisole, phenacetin, strychnine); other substances including cocaine, amphetamines, benzodiazepines, opioids, cannabinoids were also analysed. The methods demonstrated good selectivity, linearity with lower limits of quantification ranging from 0.02 to 0.26 ng/mg, as well as precision and accuracy meeting ISO/IEC 17025 criteria. A total of 29.8 % samples were positive for at least one drug. Cocaine and its metabolites were the most frequently detected, with benzoylecgonine (111 cases), cocaine (88 cases), and cocaethylene (37 cases), highlighting prevalent cocaine use. Cannabinoids were also common, with THC (57 cases) and CBN (48 cases) detected. The presence of adulterants such as phenacetin (76 cases), levamisole (14 cases), and strychnine (3 cases) were also identified. Additionally, 5F-MDMB-PINACA was also detected (5 cases), along with ketamine (9 cases). Findings also highlighted a prevalence of poly-drug consumption, where THC was frequently detected with cocaine (20 cases) and benzoylecgonine (26 cases). CBN also showed notable associations with cocaine (16 cases) and benzoylecgonine (22 cases). These findings provide important insights into the evolving drug landscape in Brazil and highlight the effectiveness of hair analysis as a tool for monitoring drug use.</div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":12341,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Forensic science international\",\"volume\":\"371 \",\"pages\":\"Article 112493\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.2000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-05-06\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Forensic science international\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0379073825001318\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"MEDICINE, LEGAL\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Forensic science international","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0379073825001318","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"MEDICINE, LEGAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
Analysis of drugs of abuse and contaminants in individuals under drug surveillance programs: A study in hair samples
In this study, over 900 hair samples from individuals using drugs of abuse in São Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil were analysed for classical drugs and new psychoactive substances (NPS) in hair samples. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods were developed for the detection of some drugs (25B-NBOMe, 25C-NBOMe, 25E-NBOH, 2C-C, 2C-I, 3,4-MDPHP, 3-MeO-PCP, 5F-MDMB-PINACA, 5-MeO-DMT, cannabidiol, ethylone, JWH 073, ketamine, mephedrone and UR-144) and drug adulterants (levamisole, phenacetin, strychnine); other substances including cocaine, amphetamines, benzodiazepines, opioids, cannabinoids were also analysed. The methods demonstrated good selectivity, linearity with lower limits of quantification ranging from 0.02 to 0.26 ng/mg, as well as precision and accuracy meeting ISO/IEC 17025 criteria. A total of 29.8 % samples were positive for at least one drug. Cocaine and its metabolites were the most frequently detected, with benzoylecgonine (111 cases), cocaine (88 cases), and cocaethylene (37 cases), highlighting prevalent cocaine use. Cannabinoids were also common, with THC (57 cases) and CBN (48 cases) detected. The presence of adulterants such as phenacetin (76 cases), levamisole (14 cases), and strychnine (3 cases) were also identified. Additionally, 5F-MDMB-PINACA was also detected (5 cases), along with ketamine (9 cases). Findings also highlighted a prevalence of poly-drug consumption, where THC was frequently detected with cocaine (20 cases) and benzoylecgonine (26 cases). CBN also showed notable associations with cocaine (16 cases) and benzoylecgonine (22 cases). These findings provide important insights into the evolving drug landscape in Brazil and highlight the effectiveness of hair analysis as a tool for monitoring drug use.
期刊介绍:
Forensic Science International is the flagship journal in the prestigious Forensic Science International family, publishing the most innovative, cutting-edge, and influential contributions across the forensic sciences. Fields include: forensic pathology and histochemistry, chemistry, biochemistry and toxicology, biology, serology, odontology, psychiatry, anthropology, digital forensics, the physical sciences, firearms, and document examination, as well as investigations of value to public health in its broadest sense, and the important marginal area where science and medicine interact with the law.
The journal publishes:
Case Reports
Commentaries
Letters to the Editor
Original Research Papers (Regular Papers)
Rapid Communications
Review Articles
Technical Notes.